导航:首页 > 教学教案 > sbj教学

sbj教学

发布时间:2021-01-02 11:24:57

『壹』 北京什么地方有专门指导学音乐的

NYS 的前身是美籍华裔音乐家丁铌女士在纽约创办的 Whole Tone Music School. 在海外多年的演奏和教学生涯中,丁版铌女士吸取了美国,俄罗权斯,日本的音乐教学精华,总结和研发了一套独特的音乐教学体系,利用钢琴键盘课的媒介,不仅使学生们掌握了钢琴的演奏技巧,同时开发了学生们对于音乐的喜爱。在寓教于乐的课堂上,启发和培养了学生们的创造力和协作能力。

现在,丁铌女士带着她多年的海外教学经验和完善的教学体系,来到了中国,开创了来自纽约,扎根本土的中英双语钢琴,音乐培训。NYS的师资为海归,让孩子充分享受到学习的乐趣!www.nysbj.com

『贰』 自学德语教材

推荐用的德语教材:

1.《走遍德国》是德国原版教材,所以语言在国内众多教材中是最地道,也最贴近德国生活,对於希望活学活用或到德国生活的学习者是很适合的。但此教材起点比较高,因为一开始已经是全德语了,不适合零基础自学。不过,当学到一定程度后,需要提高就要转用《走遍德国》。

2.《当代大学德语》是国内大部分大学德语专业的教材,所以每一册内容都比较多,相比《走遍德国》会较多语音及语法练习,整体感觉编排十分系统,配合外国先进的教学方法。《当代大学德语》在国内德语教学界是最权威的,虽然有部份德语用法会有点旧和不及《走遍德国》地道,但整体来说仍然是国内自家编写的最好教材。

不推荐用的德语教材:

1.《基础德语》,主要原因是语言太旧了,有德国老师看过,说像是公公婆婆年代的。另一个问题是它的教学方式也太过时了,全书就是Grammar-Translation-Method,这种教学方法是上世纪二、三十年代流行的Learning Method,上个世纪六十年代就被语言学家们推翻了,现在已没有语言学家支持这方法,因为根本不能把语言真正学好。

2.《大学德语》是曾经的大学德语教材,不知道现在还是不是,但毫无疑问,这套教材是主要目的是应付考试,而学生实际沟通听、说能力,学完四册可能连一个德国五岁小孩都不如...与《基础德语》同样是Grammar-Translation-Method,这套教材每年就出了很多聋哑德语的学生...

『叁』 关于校园安全(综合治理)的作文,400-500字,最好是校园安全隐患改变后的情况的作文。谢谢!谢谢!谢谢回

rtu

『肆』 求2个视频的背景音乐(日本雷鬼)

我知道第二首 叫bogle

『伍』 请提供一些有关桥的资料

1.中国古代的桥(潘洪萱)

根据史料和考察,在原始社会,我国就有了独木桥和数根圆木排拼而成的木梁桥。早在战国时期,单跨和多跨的木、石梁桥已普遍在黄河流域及其他地区建造。公元前三百多年建于陕西省蓝田县蓝峪水上的蓝桥,就是多跨木梁木柱桥的一个代表。《诗经·大雅·大明》第一次记叙周文王娶妻,在渭河上造了座专供帝王使用的浮桥。长江、黄河上曾设过近二十座浮桥。第一座黄河浮桥建于公元前541年临晋关附近,是秦景公的母弟后子,怕被景公杀害,乘车逃奔晋国途中所建。第一座长江浮桥是公元35年东汉光武帝建造的,桥址在宜昌至宜都之间的江上。

吊桥首创于我国,吊索由藤索、竹索发展到铁链。在唐朝中期,就有了铁链吊桥,比西方早八百年以上。拱桥始建于东汉中期,其形式之多,造型之美,为世界少有。

灞桥、洛阳桥、安平桥、虎渡桥、绍兴八字桥、阴平桥、程阳桥等是木、石梁桥的代表。西安灞桥建于汉代,是座木梁石柱墩桥,它用四段圆形石柱卯榫相接(中间还加石柱)形成一根石柱,由六根石柱组成一座轻型桥墩,墩台上加木梁并铺设灰土石板桥面。是石柱墩的首创者。

“闽中桥梁甲天下”是宋朝(特别是南宋)闽中地区大量建造石梁桥的真实写照。南宋一百五十年中,建成七十余座石梁桥,其中五公里以上的长桥就有四五座。被誉为“天下无桥长此桥”的安平桥,宋绍兴八年到二十一年(1138—1151)建造,长约2.5公里,故又名五里桥,用花岗石砌筑,为我国现存最长古桥。1240年建成的虎渡桥(又名江东桥),它最大的石梁长23.7米,宽1.7米,高1.9米,重二百余吨,即使在今天要开采、运输、架设这样的石梁,也是十分困难的。1979年5月,我国有关部门发现现存最古老的石梁桥——晋江县大桥和小桥,这两座桥均建于北宋太平兴国年间(976—984)。绍兴八字桥是座宋代城市石梁桥,布局十分巧妙,既保证了水陆交通,在建造中又不拆房屋,不改街道。程阳桥坐落在广西三江侗族自治县林溪河上,是一座四跨石墩伸臂的木梁桥,建于1916年,全长64.4米,分四个桥孔,每孔净跨12.2米,宽3.4米,高16米。五个桥墩之上各有民族形式的宝塔型、宫殿型桥亭,桥亭檐层层而上,如翼欲飞,宏伟壮观。整座桥梁建筑不用一颗铁钉或其他铁件,均采用榫槽结合或竹木梢钉,但结构联系却十分牢固。程阳桥精湛的建桥技术充分显示我国侗族人民杰出的智慧和创造力。

四川灌县的珠浦桥是竹索桥的代表,它位于著名的都江堰口,横跨岷江的内外两桥,长340米,8孔,最大一孔跨径为61米,它的24根粗5寸的竹索由细竹篾编织而成,桥的两端和中间石室中,安放绞竹索和木绞车等设备,桥始建于宋代以前,历代时毁时修。泸定县的大渡河铁索桥建成于1706年4月,净跨100米,净宽2.8米,桥面距枯水位14.5米。用了13根铁链9根底索承重,两边各放二根作为扶手缆。每根铁链平均由890个扁环扣联而成,重约一吨半。1935年红军长征中,飞夺泸定桥,创造了震惊世界的奇迹。它在国际桥梁展览活动中多次展出。据调查,跨径不小于泸定桥的铁链桥或铁眼杆桥,在四川、云南山区不止一座。由于它结构简单、用料节约,当地人民又有世代相传的建造经验,因此解放后这种桥型不仅没有淘汰,还有所发展。

赵州桥、宝带桥、卢沟桥、枫桥以及北京颐和园的玉带桥、十七孔桥等都是拱桥的杰出的代表。河北赵县的赵州桥是世界上第一座采用弓形拱的敞肩拱桥,欧洲在赵州桥建成七百余年后才采用弓形拱。

解放后,桥梁建筑事业取得巨大的成就,1968年南京长江大桥胜利建成,标志着我国桥梁建设事业达到了先进的水平。

(选自《旅游天地》1980年第3期)

2.桥梁审美观(樊凡)

桥梁主要用于交通负荷、跨越障碍,这是它的基本功能,所以桥首先要符合此要求。如果是一座不堪使用的危桥,摇摇欲坠,也就没有什么美可谈了。因此,桥梁结构的造型应表现出有力量、稳定、连续和有跨越能力等等,以显示功能的保证性。这也就自然地引起人们的美感。对于不同用途的桥梁,如园林、城市、公路、铁路桥梁等,或同一用途而其所在环境条件不同时,其结构及各项附属设施的造型都应准确鲜明地表现出符合使用要求,并能恰如其分。这也就是一种美的因素。就所有桥梁而论,交通使用功能要求和鉴赏要求在其重要性上,并不是等量齐观的,它随着建桥目的和建桥环境等因素而有所差异,并通过造型表现出来为人们所理解。如荒漠原野上的公路桥和繁华城市中的园林桥应当各自“量体裁衣”地选择适合的型式。

正确的桥梁审美观是功能、技术、经济与美观融合一体,共同作用,美寓其中。

3.桥梁美十则(樊凡)

关于桥梁美,很多人早就关心了,并提出过很多设想和措施,关于桥梁美的形态规律、审美标准等等,从一些文献资料中披露出其看法、分类多不一致,可以说是众说纷纭。现参考这些资料,并结合我国桥梁工程中习用的一些原则,以简单明了的形式拟以下桥梁美十则,并列举桥例分别论述。这十则是:1.环境的协调;2.主从与对称;3.韵律;4.均衡与稳定;5.统一;6.比例与尺度;7.连续与明暗搭配;8.力线明快;9.色彩;10.风格。这些法则也可以说是达到“协调”的法则。

(以上两则资料均选自《桥梁美学》,人民交通出版社1987年版)

4.桥名谈往(茅以升)

万物皆有名,有的还要有专名,就像人有名字一样。既然是名,就要起得好。我国近代桥梁,受了西方影响,题名时,总是从地理观点出发的。只要能指出它的所在地,使人一望而知,就行了。铁路公路上,更是用里程标记作名字,如同某某路上的“345,678公里桥”,那才真是确切不移的。然而我国古时桥名,不是这样。它总要有些文学气息,使人见了,不由地发生情感,念念不忘。或是纪事抒情,引起深思遐想;或有诗情画意,为之心旷神怡。这样,通过慎重题名,一座桥的历史、作用或影响,就立刻表现出来,因而容易流传。桥的“身价”,也因此而抬高。一座桥出了名,它的名字还会跟着多起来,除了正名,还有俗名、别名等等,就像人名,除了学名,还有别号、小字等等。有的是在民间自然而然地逐渐形成的,有的却是文人学士,要借此而为自己题名的。总之,桥成就要题名,成为风气,也是我国古代文化的一个特色。

桥的题名,字不在多,如同人名一样,一般都是两个字,有时只有一个字。就只这一两个字,而能显示出桥的特征,正是我国文字的妙用。这是由于我国历史上的典故多和文学里的成语丰富的缘故。文史里的财富,大为桥名增光。然而桥多了,关于它的典故和成语也反过来为文史服务。比如,《史记》里“信如尾生”一辞来自桥的典故,《阿房宫赋》里,“长桥卧波”一辞来自桥的成语。桥的名字题得好,它对文史就可有贡献了。桥名的重要,有如此者。

现在来介绍一些桥名,借以窥知我国桥梁文学的丰富,它也许是世界无双的。先谈单名。较著名的有:“蓝桥”,在陕西蓝田县蓝溪上,“传其地有仙窟,即唐裴航遇云英处”;“枫桥”在苏州,唐张继有《枫桥夜泊》诗;“断桥”在杭州西湖,唐张祜诗:“断桥荒藓合”,明朝莫仲有《断桥残雪》词等。但单名之桥往往系泛指,而又可能是专名,其中有的以材料为名,如“石桥”,梁简文帝即有《石桥》诗:“写虹便欲饮,图星逼似真”;“铁桥”,明朝吴兆元有《渡铁桥》诗:“宝筏群生渡,金绳八道开”;“竹桥”,杜甫有《观造竹桥》诗等。有的指明桥的所在,如“山桥”,梁简文帝诗:“卧石藤为缆,山桥树作梁”;“江桥”,唐杜甫诗:“山县早休市,江桥春聚船”;“野桥”,唐刘长卿诗:“野桥经雨断,涧水向田分”等。有的指明桥的形状,如“方桥”,唐韩愈诗:“君欲问方桥,方桥如此作”;“斜桥”,宋朝欧阳修诗:“波光柳色碧溟蒙,曲渚斜桥画舸通”;“画桥”,宋朝范与求诗:“画桥依约垂杨外,映带残阳一抹红”;“朱桥”,唐朝郑谷诗:“朱桥直抵金门路,粉堞高连玉垒云”;“天桥”,山西太原保德州及云南大理都有,大理的“下断上连,石梁跨之,两岩激水溅珠,宛如梅绽,人呼为不谢梅”等。有的与桥畔景物有关,如“花桥”,福建宁德县、湖北长阳县及广西桂林都有,桂林的有“花桥烟雨”之称;“柳桥”,在杭州西湖,宋周邦彦词:“水涨鱼天拍柳桥”等。有的比较特殊,如“草桥”,在北京右安门外;“席桥”,在山东东平县,“相传宋真宗东封泰山,车驾经行,以席铺藉”;“瓜桥”,浙江富阳县,“世传孙钟设瓜于此桥”;“鸭桥”在陕西陕城。“金桥”在山西上党,唐潘炎有《金桥赋》。更有事涉怪诞的,如“暗桥”,在安徽建平县,“旧传伍员奔吴,避于山中,追者至此,云气护之,员及桥而天暗”;“鬼桥”,《初学记》“上方有鬼桥”;“赤桥”,在山西太原晋水北渠上,“宋太宗凿卧龙山,血出成河,因更今名”等。

桥名用两个字是最普遍而又标准化的,单名的桥已经不少,双名的更是多得多。试思每桥皆有名,在我们古老的大国,该有多少桥名啊!然而在这成千上万的单名和双名中,重复的究竟不多,如果把这所有的桥名都搜集起来,编成一部《中国桥名录》,该是够洋洋大观的了。

现在再来举一些双名的例,说明桥名的丰富多彩。根据反映内容,一部“桥名录”可分为五章。

第一章是“表扬”。首先是表扬桥的功用的,如“安济桥”,即“赵州桥”,在河北赵县南河上,一名“大石桥”,制造奇特,“隋匠李春之迹也”;“万安桥”,即“洛阳桥”,在福建泉州,为渡海用,“去舟而徒,易危以安,民莫不利。”“灭渡桥”,在江苏吴县,桥成“南北往来者踊跃称庆,名灭渡,志平横暴也。”“安平桥”,在福建晋江,建成于宋绍兴二十二年,全长2070米,俗名“五里桥”,旧有“天下无桥长此桥”的传说。其次是表扬造桥人物的,如“绩麻桥”,在湖北孝感县,“世传居民女绩麻所建”;“夫妇桥”,即四川灌县竹索桥,清何先德造,未完,其妻续成之;“葛镜桥”,在贵州平越,明万历间葛镜建,“屡为水决,三建乃成,靡金巨万,悉罄家资”。

第二章是“纪事”,记载有关桥的流传下来的故事。如“万里桥”,在四川成都南门外,“昔孔明于此饯费聘吴,曰万里之行,始于此矣”。唐陆肱有《万里桥赋》,宋吕大防有《万里桥》诗,杜甫诗:“万里桥西宅,百花潭北庄”,唐张籍诗:“万里桥边多酒家,游人爱向谁家宿”;宋苏轼诗:“我欲归寻万里桥,水花风叶暮萧萧”,宋陆游诗:“雕鞍送客双流驿,银烛看花万里桥”。“马桥”,即“升仙桥”,在四川成都北,西汉司马相如不甘贫贱,立志做官,“尝题柱云,大丈夫不乘马车,不复过此桥”,唐岑参有《升仙桥》诗:“及乘马车,却从桥上归”,宋京镗有《马桥记》云:“兹建桥以马名,自是长卿之遗踪亦不泯矣。”“兰亭桥”,在浙江绍兴,“晋王右军修禊处,桥下细石浅濑(lài赖),水声昼夜不绝”。“洗耳桥”,在河南汝州,相传尧要将天下让给许由,许由自命清高,认为听了这话污了自己的耳朵,此桥所在“即许由洗耳处”。“虎渡桥”,在福建漳州,亦名江东桥,“江南桥梁,虎渡第一,昔欲修桥,有虎负子渡江,息于中流……乃因垒址为桥”。“宵市桥”,在江苏扬州,即“小市桥”,“相传隋炀帝时于此开夜市”。

第三章是“抒情”,通过桥名,来表达思想感情。如“销魂桥”,即“灞桥”,在陕西西安,“东汉人送客至此桥,折柳赠别”。因“取江淹别赋句,又呼为销魂桥”。唐王之涣诗:“杨柳东风树,青青夹御河。近来攀折苦,应为别离多。”明葛一龙词:“桥上飞花桥下水,断肠人是过桥人。”“思乡桥”,在河北丰润,“宋徽宗北辕过桥,驻马四顾,泫然曰,吾过此向大漠,安得似此水还乡矣……人乃谓思乡桥也”。“至喜桥”,在四川广安,“昔欧阳修自吴入蜀,喜路险至此始平”。“情尽桥”,在四川简阳,唐雍陶《题情尽桥》诗有序云:“阳安送客至情尽桥,问其故,左右曰送迎之地止此。”“忘恩桥”,在陕西西安,“中官初入选,进东华门,门内有桥曰皇恩桥……俗呼曰忘恩桥,以中官既富贵,必仇所生,盖耻之也”。

第四章是“写景”,美化桥身及四周景物。如“垂虹桥”,在江苏吴江,桥身环如半月,长若垂虹,宋王安石《垂虹桥》诗云:“颇夸九州物,壮丽无此敌。”“春波桥”,在浙江绍兴,贺知章诗云:“离别家乡岁月多,近来人事半消磨。惟有门前鉴湖水,春风不改旧时波。”故取此名桥。“海棠桥”,在湖北黄州,“宋时桥侧海棠丛开,秦观尝醉卧于此,明日题其柱”。“胭脂桥”,在江西饶州,鄱阳王萧俨生活奢华,宅中宫人,洗胭脂水流出,把桥下水都染红了,故名。“月样桥”,在山东青州,“采石凝结如天成”。“绿杨桥”,在湖北蕲水,“因东坡醉卧桥上,有‘解鞍欹枕绿杨桥’之句,遂名”。按苏轼《西江月》词自序云:“春夜行蕲水中……至一溪桥上,解鞍曲肱,醉卧少休,及觉已晓……书此语桥柱上”,即是桥也。

第五章是“神异”,把神仙和桥梁联系起来,大多与道教有关。如“圣女桥”,在陕西白水,传说为三神女一夜成之。“白鹤桥”,在江苏句容,“汉永元间茅氏兄弟三人,乘鹤至此,有白鹤桥,大茅君驾白鹤会群仙处”。“集仙桥”,在江西安福,“相传居人夜闻桥上仙乐缭绕,旦往视之,惟见书吕洞宾字于桥柱”。“乘鱼桥”,在江苏苏州,“昔琴高乘鲤升仙之地”。“照影桥”,在湖北石首,“相传有仙人于此照影”。

以上是单字和双字的桥名录。三字、四字或更多字的桥名,当然也有,但为数极少。三字桥名中著名的有二十四桥,在江苏扬州。唐杜牧诗:“二十四桥明月夜,玉人何处教吹箫”中的“二十四桥”,北宋沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中云是二十四座桥,并列举其名,但据南宋姜白石的《扬州慢》词:“二十四桥仍在,波心荡,冷月无声。念桥边红药,年年知为谁生。”则又似一座桥。后来清朝梁章巨在《浪迹丛谈》中更提到在孟毓森所居宅旁之桥上,有“二十四桥”的题名榜,可见“二十四”已成为一座桥的专名。不过这种用数目字当专名的桥,并无他例,有的只是以数为序而已,如杜甫诗“不识南塘路,今知第五桥”。四字或以上的如“旧浣花桥”、“杨柳河桥”、“德阳王桥”(以上均在成都)、“新学前桥”、“建富木桥”(以上均在南昌)、“新饭店石桥”(四川温江县)等等,有的是地名或人名关系,其余都是把单名或双名的桥加以解释,并非完整的专名。因此,中国桥名,基本上只有单名和双名两种,在《桥名录》中把这两种搜集齐全,所余就无几了。

但是,我国古桥并非个个都有专名。有的本来并无名称,后来有人随便叫它一下,逐渐也就成了名字,如“大桥”“小桥”“新桥”“旧桥”“长桥”“短桥”“南桥”“北桥”等等。这些“俗名”,时间一久,就成为“正名”了,如福州的“小桥”,因在“万寿桥”的大桥附近而得名,就此成为专名。有的“桥”,名气非常之大,但实际上并无此桥,如“陈桥”,在河南开封,宋赵匡胤“黄袍加身”处,实系“陈桥驿”,“唐为上元驿,朱全忠纵火,欲害李克用之所”,但更多的桥,却是不声不响地在那里服务,而它们的名字是早就湮没不彰了。可见,桥和桥名,都有幸与不幸,有的是有名无桥,有的是有桥无名。然而,虽是无名,难道就不是“英雄”!

(选自1962年7月22日《光明日报》,有改动)

5.世界各地名桥

英国泰晤士河伦敦桥、意大利威尼斯里阿尔托桥、美国纽约布鲁克林大桥、英国伦敦塔桥、加拿大魁北克桥、澳大利亚悉尼海港大桥、美国旧金山金门大桥、土耳其博斯普鲁斯海峡大桥、英国恒比尔大吊桥、西班牙卢纳巴里奥斯桥。

一、关于桥的知识

1

『陆』 想继续学习钢琴

老师应该根据你的实际情况,给你退回去复习的.
复习肯定比新学要快,一开始可能困版难点,不过开始以后就会找权回感觉了.
所以这个过程应该不需要再象新学一样漫长的.
一般来说老师大致了解一下你的情况看你弹一下就可以判断大概需要退回到哪本,不过你现在在这问就比较难说了.
你就把你以前学过的书,一本一本拿出来倒回去试下.740不行就299,299不行就849,要是连849还不行那你就599吧,拜尔不必了.也不用全部都练,找以前练过的,挑些重点的练一下.

此外为了恢复手指技能你需要每天练习音阶琶音和弦,这需要保持一个练习量,最好每天花个半小时在这个上头.个人认为这就足够了,如果你想练哈农,那也是好的.

『柒』 商标注册

商标注册分门类,注册一个门类就算一个注册,各个门类不冲突。具体的门类你可内以从网上查询,分得容很细。
也就是说你如果要做广告类,那就注册广告类,其他人还是可以用同样的名称或者图案注册其他类,如果你的业务范围比较广,应该把相近门类都注册上。
门店注册是“工商登记”,也即是营业执照,和商标注册不搭,你需要到当地工商管理部门去弄这些。可以选择经营范围,多写几个也没问题。然后大不了就弄个“某某公司某某区营业部”。
不过我建议你分别注册几个个体工商业户的营业执照,这样的话税收少一些。

『捌』 谁能提供我一片英文原文

Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who indivially and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business.[1] The terms "human resource management" and "human resources" (HR) have largely replaced the term "personnel management" as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations.[1] Human Resource management is evolving rapidly. Human resource management is both an academic theory and a business practice that addresses the theoretical and practical techniques of managing a workforce.

Features
Its features include:

Personnel administration
Personnel management
Manpower management
Instrial management[2][3]
But these traditional expressions are becoming less common for the theoretical discipline. Sometimes even instrial relations and employee relations are confusingly listed as synonyms,[4] although these normally refer to the relationship between management and workers and the behavior of workers in companies.

The theoretical discipline is based primarily on the assumption that employees are indivials with varying goals and needs, and as such should not be thought of as basic business resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets. The field takes a positive view of workers, assuming that virtually all wish to contribute to the enterprise proctively, and that the main obstacles to their endeavors are lack of knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of process.

HRM is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key role in risk rection within organisations.[5]

Synonyms such as personnel management are often used in a more restricted sense to describe activities that are necessary in the recruiting of a workforce, providing its members with payroll and benefits, and administrating their work-life needs. So if we move to actual definitions, Torrington and Hall (1987) define personnel management as being:

“a series of activities which: first enable working people and their employing organisations to agree about the objectives and nature of their working relationship and, secondly, ensures that the agreement is fulfilled" (p. 49).

While Miller (1987) suggests that HRM relates to:

".......those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage" (p. 352).

Academic theory
The goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. The key word here perhaps is "fit", i.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organization's employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989).

The basic premise of the academic theory of HRM is that humans are not machines, therefore we need to have an interdisciplinary examination of people in the workplace. Fields such as psychology, instrial engineering, instrial and organizational psychology, instrial relations, sociology, and critical theories: postmodernism, post-structuralism play a major role. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor and master degrees in Human Resources Management.

One widely used scheme to describe the role of HRM, developed by Dave Ulrich, defines 4 fields for the HRM function:[6]

Strategic business partner
Change agent
Employee champion
Administration
However, many HR functions these days struggle to get beyond the roles of administration and employee champion, and are seen rather as reactive than strategically proactive partners for the top management. In addition, HR organizations also have the difficulty in proving how their activities and processes add value to the company. Only in the recent years HR scholars and HR professionals are focusing to develop models that can measure if HR adds value.[7]

Critical Academic Theory
Postmodernism plays an important part in Academic Theory and particularly in Critical Theory. Indeed Karen Legge in 'Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities' possess the debate of whether HRM is a modernist project or a postmodern discourse (Legge 2004). In many ways, critically or not, many writers contend that HRM itself is an attempt to move away from the modernist traditions of personnel (man as machine) towards a postmodernist view of HRM (man as indivials). Critiques include the notion that because 'Human' is the subject we should recognize that people are complex and that it is only through various discourses that we understand the world. Man is not Machine, no matter what attempts are made to change it i.e. Fordism / Taylorism, McDonaldisation (Modernism).

Critical Theory also questions whether HRM is the pursuit of "attitudinal shaping" (Wilkinson 1998), particularly when considering empowerment, or perhaps more precisely pseudo-empowerment - as the critical perspective notes. Many critics note the move away from Man as Machine is often in many ways, more a Linguistic (discursive) move away than a real attempt to recognise the Human in Human Resource Management.

Critical Theory, in particular postmodernism (poststructualism), recognises that because the subject is people in the workplace, the subject is a complex one, and therefore simplistic notions of 'the best way' or a unitary perspectives on the subject are too simplistic. It also considers the complex subject of power, power games, and office politics. Power in the workplace is a vast and complex subject that cannot be easily defined. This leaves many critics to suggest that Management 'Gurus', consultants, 'best practice' and HR models are often overly simplistic, but in order to sell an idea, they are simplified, and often lead Management as a whole to fall into the trap of oversimplifying the relationship.

Business practice
Human resources management comprises several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other departments.

Workforce planning
Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection)
Inction and Orientation
Skills management
Training and development
Personnel administration
Compensation in wage or salary
Time management
Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM)
Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM)
Employee benefits administration
Personnel cost planning
Performance appraisal

Careers
The sort of careers available in HRM are varied. There are generalist HRM jobs such as human resource assistant. There are careers involved with employment, recruitment and placement and these are usually concted by interviewers, EOE (Equal Opportunity Employment) specialists or college recruiters. Training and development specialism is often concted by trainers and orientation specialists. Compensation and benefits tasks are handled by compensation analysts, salary administrators, and benefits administrators.

Professional organizations
Professional organizations in HRM include the Society for Human Resource Management, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), the International Public Management Association for HR (IPMA-HR) and the International Personnel Management Association of Canada (IPMA-Canada).Management Association of Nepal [MAN]

不够的话到这里找
http://www.managementhelp.org/hr_mgmnt/hr_mgmnt.htm

http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=FciK6xtWfy0C&pg=PT166&lpg=PT166&dq=Private+Enterprise+human+resource+management&source=web&ots=OFncstpski&sig=6f_0AsxbQZFRexeS08L8UAT_Zf8&hl=en

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=9fWF_ndSCcAC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=4xwIYBuMf9&sig=6qfNhxSFoKD-_s0NWnwVdVS-vHk

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=EZ1CLRm3FnQC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=e9ZXXrcD0q&sig=i_JxI28y7ZXehl-dqvoX-KtdldI

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=1m0i_YKPDNwC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=yu6BZIhFj_&sig=WU6l52bZ0JH2JZPN4Qy038OtuKA

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=Gu1YWQGHgLcC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=H7SbJNAizE&sig=Y3GssDjBHljJr3aRrmVgCaA9gTY

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=bnAiaXdzbRwC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=NbX4F8U9oG&sig=umxDaoU05w_dZkxyT_usnZH5lR0

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=Vs98_GTpU5EC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=571NexI6ER&sig=i8A4B8m2nb1LkNv8UrzVcgm2XI8

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=aQpPzvu4eC0C&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=9c4a-JsUBC&sig=N8_-lXARbKr61H9yKwrhNcPQF8Y

http://books.google.com.sg/books?hl=en&id=2BWLZTWoAeUC&dq=human+resource+management&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=msCayB2Gwr&sig=2WxIZuqhy3ZvWW7rPYsqCwkOwcY

『玖』 最后一课观后感,急需

http://..com/question/356544206.html?oldq=1&from=evaluateTo#reply-box-901224300

阅读全文

与sbj教学相关的资料

热点内容
北京高中作文耐心 浏览:59
变作文600字初中 浏览:660
2011台州中考语文 浏览:250
识字一的教案 浏览:85
语文作业本凡卡答案 浏览:619
300书信作文大全 浏览:227
苏教版五年级语文下册补充成语ppt 浏览:891
爱的方式作文开头结尾 浏览:694
端午节的作文600字初中 浏览:70
3年级上册语文作业本答案 浏览:265
高考语文与小学的联系 浏览:965
2015北京语文中考答案 浏览:979
双分点地步法教学 浏览:714
小学二年级作文辅导课 浏览:693
关于成功条件的作文素材 浏览:848
建军节作文的结尾 浏览:88
五年级下册语文mp3在线收听 浏览:696
ie教案6 浏览:907
三年级语文培优补差计划 浏览:679
二胡独奏一枝花教学 浏览:525