虚假新闻英语作文

㈠ 假新闻 英语怎么说

false news

㈡ "虚假新闻"用英文怎么说

楼上那个就是虚假新闻
fake news~~~~~应该是把。。。

㈢ 哪里有1980年普利策新闻奖的假新闻jimmy's world 的英文原稿啊，急求!

http://www.uncp.e/home/canada/work/markport/lit/litjour/spg2002/cooke.htm

Jimmy is 8 years old and a third-generation heroin addict, a precocious little boy with sandy hair, velvety brown eyes and needle marks freckling the baby-smooth skin of his thin brown arms.
He nestles in a large, beige reclining chair in the living room of his comfortably furnished home in Southeast Washington. There is an almost cherubic expression on his small, round face as he talks about life -- clothes, money, the Baltimore Orioles and heroin. He has been an addict since the age of 5. His hands are clasped behind his head, fancy running shoes adorn his feet, and a striped Izod T-shirt hangs over his thin frame. "Bad, ain't it," he boasts to a reporter visiting recently. "I got me six of these."
Jimmy's is a world of hard drugs, fast money and the good life he believes both can bring. Every day, junkies casually buy herion from Ron, his mother's live-in-lover, in the dining room of Jimmy's home. They "cook" it in the kitchen and "fire up" in the bedrooms. And every day, Ron or someone else fires up Jimmy, plunging a needle into his bony arm, sending the fourth grader into a hypnotic nod.
Jimmy prefers this atmosphere to school, where only one subject seems relevant to fulfilling his dreams. "I want to have me a bad car and dress good and also have me a good place to live," he says. "So, I pretty much pay attention to math because I know I got to keep up when I finally get me something to sell."
Jimmy wants to sell drugs, maybe even on the District's meanest street, Condon Terrace SE, and some day deal heroin, he says, "just like my man Ron."
Ron, 27, and recently up from the South, was the one who first turned Jimmy on."He'd be buggin' me all the time about what the shots were and what people was doin' and one day he said, 'When can I get off?'" Ron says, leaning against a wall in a narcotic haze, his eyes half closed, yet piercing. "I said, 'Well, s . . ., you can have some now.' I let him snort a little and, damn, the little de really did get off."
Six months later, Jimmy was hooked. "I felt like I was part of what was goin' down," he says. "I can't really tell you how it feel. You never done any? Sort of like them rides at King's Dominion . . . like if you was to go on all of them in one day.
"It be real different from herb (marijuana). That's baby s---. Don't nobody here hardly ever smoke no herb. You can't hardly get none right now anyway."
Jimmy's mother Andrea accepts her son's habit as a fact of life, although she will not inject the child herself and does not like to see others do it.
"I don't really like to see him fire up," she says. "But, you know, I think he would have got into it one day, anyway. Everybody does. When you live in the ghetto, it's all a matter of survival. If he wants to get away from it when he's older, then that's his thing. But right now, things are better for us than they've ever been. . . . Drugs and black folk been together for a very long time."
Heroin has become a part of life in many of Washington's neighborhoods, affecting thousands of teen-agers and alts who feel cut off from the world around them, and filtering down to untold numbers of children like Jimmy who are bored with school and battered by life.
On street corners and playgrounds across the city, youngsters often no older than 10 relate with uncanny accuracy the names of important dealers in their neighborhoods, and the going rate for their wares. For the uninitiated they can recite the color, taste, and smell of things such as heroin, cocaine, and marijuana, and rattle off the colors in a rainbow made of pills.
The heroin problem in the District has grown to what some call epidemic proportions, with the daily influx of so-called "Golden Crescent" heroin from Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, making the city fourth among six listed by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency as major points of entry for heroin in the United States. The "Golden Crescent" heroin is stronger and cheaper than the Southeast Asian and Mexican varieties previously available on the street, and its easy accessiblity has added to what has long been a serious problem in the nation's capital.
David G. Canaday, special agent in charge of the DEA's office here, says the agency "can't do anything about it [Golden Crescent heroin] because we have virtually no diplomatic ties in that part of the world." While judiciously avoiding the use of the term epidemic, Canaday does say that the city's heroin problem is "sizable."
Medical experts, such as Dr. Alyce Gullatte, director of the Howard University Drug Abuse Institute, say that heroin is destroying the city. And D.C.'s medical examiner, James Luke, has recorded a substantial increase in the number of deaths from heroin overdose, from seven in 1978 to 43 so far this year.
Death has not yet been a visitor to the house where Jimmy lives.
The kitchen and upstairs bedrooms are a human collage. People of all shapes and sizes drift into the dwelling and its various rooms, some jittery, uptight and anxious for a fix, others calm and serene after they finally "get off."
A fat woman wearing a white uniform and blond wig with a needle jabbed in it like a hatpin, totters down the staircase announcing that she is "feeling fine." A teen-age couple drift through the front door, the girl proudly pulling a syringe of the type used by diabetics from the hip pocket of her Gloria Vanderbilt jeans. "Got me a new one," she says to no one in particular as she and her boyfriend wander off into the kitchen to cook their snack and shoot each other up.
These are normal occurrences in Jimmy's world. Unlike most children his age, he doesn't usually go to school, preferring instead to hang with older boys between the ages of 11 and 16 who spend their day getting high on herb or PCP and doing a little dealing to collect spare change.
When Jimmy does find his way into the classroom, it is to learn more about his favorite subject -- math.
"You got to know how to do some figuring if you want to go into business," he says pragmatically. Using his mathematical skills in any other line of work is a completely foreign notion.
"They don't BE no jobs," Jimmy says. "You got to have some money to do anything, got to make some cash. Got to be selling something people always want to buy. Ron say people always want to buy some horse. My mama say it, too. She be using it and her mama be using it. It's always gonna be somebody who can use it. . . .
"The rest of them des on the street is sharp. You got to know how many of them are out there, how much they charge for all the different s---, who gonna buy from them and where their spots be . . . they bad, you know, cause they in business for themselves. Ain't nobody really telling them how they got to act."
In a city overflowing with what many consider positive role models for a black child with almost any ambition -- doctors, lawyers, politicians, bank presidents -- Jimmy wants most to be a good dope dealer. He says that when he is older, "maybe about 11," he would like to "go over to Condon Terrace (notorious for its open selling of drugs and violent way of life) or somewhere else and sell." With the money he says he would buy a German Shepherd dog and a bicycle, maybe a basketball, and save the rest "so I could buy some real s--- and sell it."
His mother doesn't view Jimmy's ambitions with alarm, perhaps because drugs are as much a part of Andrea's world as they are of her son's.
She never knew her father. Like her son, Andrea spent her childhood with her mother and the man with whom she lived for 15 years. She recalls that her mother's boyfriend routinely forced her and her younger sister to have sex with him, and Jimmy is the proct of one of those rapes.
Depressed and discouraged after his birth ("I didn't even name him, you know?My sister liked the name Jimmy and I said 'OK, call him that, who gives a fu--? I guess we got to call him something, don't we?'") she quickly accepted the offer of heroin from a woman who used to shoot up with her mother.
"It was like nothing I ever knew about before; you be in another world, you know? No more baby, no more mama . . . I could quit thinking about it. After I got off, I didn't have to be thinking about nothing."
Threee years later, the family moved after police discovered the shooting gallery in their home, and many of Andrea's sources of heroin dried up. She turned to prostitution and shoplifting to support a $60-a-day habit. Soon after, she met Ron, who had just arrived in Washington and was selling a variety of pills, angel st and some heroin. She saw him as a way to get off the street and readily agreed when he asked her to move in with him.
"I was tired of sleeping with all those different des and boosting (shoplifting) at Woodies. And I didn't think it would be bad for Jimmy to have some kind of man around," she says.
Indeed, social workers in the Southeast Washington community say that so many young black children become involved with drugs because there is no male authority figure present in the home.
"A lot of these parents (of children involved with drugs) are the unwed mothers of the '60s, and they are bringing up their children by trial and error," says Linda Gilbert, a social worker at Southeast Neighborhood House.
"The family structure is not there so they [the children] establish a relationship with their peers. If the peers are into drugs, it won't be very long before the kids are, too. . . . They don't view drugs as illegal, and if they are making money, too, then it's going to be OK in the eyes of an economically deprived community."
Addicts who have been feeding their habits for 35 years or more are not uncommon in Jimmy's world, and although medical experts say that there is an extremely high risk of his death from an overdose, it is not inconceivable that he will live to reach althood.
"He might already be close to getting a lethal dose," Dr. Dorynne Czechowisz of the National Institute on Drug Abuse says."Much of this depends on the amount he's getting and the frequency with which he's getting it. But I would hate to say that his early death is inevitable. If he were to get treatment, it probably isn't too late to help him. And assuming he doesn't OD before then, he could certainly grow into an addicted alt."
At the end of the evening of strange questions about his life, Jimmy slowly changes into a different child. The calm and self-assured little man recedes. cThe jittery and ill-behaved boy takes over as he begins going into withdrawal. tHe is twisting uncomfortably in his chair one minute, irritatingly raising and lowering a vinyl window blind the next.
"Be cool," Ron admonishes him, walking out of the room.
Jimmy picks up a green "Star Wars" force beam toy and begins flicking the light on and off.
Ron comes back into the living room, syringe in hand, and calls the little boy over to his chair: "Let me see your arm."
He grabs Jimmy's left arm just above the elbow, his massive hand tightly encircling the child's small limb. Theneedle slides into the boy's soft skin like a straw pushed into the center of a freshly baked cake. Liquid ebbs out of the syringe, replaced by bright red blood. The blood is then reinjected into the child.
Jimmy has closed his eyes ring the whole procere, but now he opens them, looking quickly around the room. He climbs into a rocking chair and sits, his head dipping and snapping upright again, in what addicts call "the nod."
"Pretty soon, man," Ron says, "you got to learn how to do this for yourself."

㈣ 谁能帮我翻译下这段论文英文提要 急用 谢谢啦

the rapid socio-economic development of the market economy has become increasingly fierce. Similarly, the growing competition between the media of day. How competitive forest of the media come to the fore, the major media do our best to repeat a style all their own. Exclusive news, exclusive broke the news and so emerged. In this process, there is no lack of poor moral quality of the press, the concoction of false information in exchange for personal benefits. The emergence of false news, fully exposed the lower part of the professional ethics of journalists, the Marxist concept of indifference, the overall sense of responsibility, political awareness of the weak. It has also exposed the information management system of oversight.
False news media not only harm their own credibility and damaged the vital interests of the audience, returned to the object being reported great impact. Therefore, the proposed measures should be taken to combat false information to enhance the quality of ecation in journalistic ethics and self-discipline and perfect combination of news monitoring system to regulate the behavior of the media.

㈤ 急需一篇英语作文

do Ineternet bring us more confidence? the answer is negative. As the Internet and Internet media developed rapidly recent years, more and more people trust the news they get from the Internet which is considered as a standard of people's views,however,a survey of Internet news made by America recently proved that 45% of them is unbelievable.At the same time, half of troditional media's news accepted made people feel more reliable.
who should take the resposibility of the consequence,the Internet fans,the Internet itself or,some illegal action?
a large amout of message is passed by websites to attract Internet fans without checking and,some of the news we read is made by websites themselves.
At the same time,some media are running illegal news which is not belonged to their power.
the most important fact is tortuous act of news webs is becoming more and more serious.
According to the three points I have listed,the reason of news' problem facing us is becoming clearer,I think our society need a reform in news field or the problem will drug ourselves.

㈥ 英语新闻词汇：“统计造假”用英文怎么说

统计造假
用英语表达
翻译如下:
1 Statistical fraud
2 False statistics

㈦ 求一段诚信的英文文章

这是第一个人回答的中文版本，参考一下。我是混两分的

如今, 每个人都版一直面临着太多不诚权实透过传媒或在日常生活中. 学生考试作弊获得高分. 会计师弥补虚假数据赢得股民的信任和尊重. 科学家甚至照搬别人的钱或物品,或发明抓住成名. 我们不禁要问自己:我们的社会有什么不对? 走出风格是诚实? 要诚实,不会走出风格. 任何个人,诚实是前提,他可以在社会上有地位的成功. 在一方面, 那些认为诚信作为最重要的美德,并付诸实行,将予以重奖的长远发展. 他们会后发觉它的含义到诚信才是生命. 在另一方面, 那些沙漠诚实即时利润迟早会发现作弊打成不诚实, 和人民永远不会再相信他们. 以上各点,已讨论出一个不可否认的事实,老实说自付. 长期以来,诚实永远是民族美德 这一切都应该学习和实践的心很小心,因为"诚实是最好的政策"给出

㈧ 网络虚假信息泛滥的原因英文作文

21世纪是个以因特网为纽带的高度信么化的信.乌社会。不管人们愿意与否，随着网络时代的现实存在。网络文化作为对现实社会的反映的一种新型社会意识，已经悄然崛起并迢步渗透的社会生活的各个领域，并不可进免地与传统文化发生了许许多多的摩擦。本文就网络文化的社会特征浅谈一下在这个新的时期里，如何利用传统文化中精华部分之一—“诚信”，使之古为今用，继续在社会中发挥重要的调节人际关系功能，以求有益于当今社会主义市场经济条件下诚信制度的重建。
网络社会是个虚拟性、开放性、交互性很强的社会，正是由于它这样的特点，使得原本人与人之间的交流跨越了时空的限制，更加具有随意性，人们以网络交流就往往不必以真实面目出现。此时，一个严峻的间题摆在人们的面前，即如何解决这种虚假的世界与现实存在的真实世界之间的矛盾，防止现实社会也出现信任的空洞化。同时也防止不法分子利用网络为手段进行犯罪。这时，加强法制建设的同时构建一个完善的诚信体制更加成为迫切鱼待解决的问题。只有这样才能达到“德治”与“法治”的结合，从而标本皆治，真正实现一个信用的社会。
一、网络文化时代的社会特征
“一种技术，当它在社会中普遍得到运用，并且这种运用成为人们日常生活的行为方式，就会促进社会的巨大变革并衍生为一种文化”[1]。20世纪末的计算机网络，不仅把人们带进了21世纪，而且带来了更高效的电子商务和“数字政府”，这触发了现代传统社会变革的开端，把人类社会带入了一个新的生活环境。形成了我们通常所说的“网络文化”。网络文化作为一种社会意识形态，已经逐渐渗透到人们日常生活的各个方面，极大地影响着人们的生活习惯。并在各个角落与传统的生活观念发生了许许多多不可调和的冲突。为了解决好这些冲突，使人们更加适应现实的社会生活，我们就必须先来了解一下网络文化的特点。与传统文化相比较，网络文化具有以下几个特点。
第一，内容丰富1983年全球数据库总量为1.3亿条，1984年为10亿条。其内容涉及政治、经济、文化、科技、体育、影视、股票、音乐、卫生等应有尽有。大量网上信息为人们学习研究提供了丰富的资料，开拓了人们的视野，丰富了人们的生活。同时也难免会有很多多余信息、污秽信息、盗版信息、虚假信息、失真信息、过时信息和错误信息借助因特网而广为流传，这加重了意识形态方面的社会间题，构成了严重危害人们身心健康的公害。美国卡内基梅隆大学的一个专家小组，花了18个月，调查了网上92万条信息、图片及影片，判定其中83.5%的内容带有色情内容;电子公告牌储存的数据图像有4/5含有污秽内容。可见，在网络上，好坏东西并存，这就增加了网络文化的复杂性。
第二，传播与更新迅速人类历史上的各种文化都可以认为是缓慢发展的文化，更新的速度很慢，两千年来文房四宝没有多大改变。而网络文化则是高时效性文化，更新的速度很快。计算机网络将全社会紧密地联结在一起，将地球缩小了，将时空拉近了，极大地加快了社会生活的节奏，实现了通信瞬时化、生产自动化，全面突出了一个“快”字，“无论人们在世界哪个角落，只要有一台计算机、一台调制解调器、一根电话线，就可以在互联网上通过声音、图象把自己和他人连接，从而形成一个全球化的信息空间”[2]。这种传播速度与传播方式，使得人们可以尽快地知道世界各地的消息，但同时也为反动的、黄色的言论信息的传播提供更为有效的平台。
第三，环境开放互联网已经成为全球的一个开放系统，任何一个网点的涟漪都可能迅速波及全球，辐射至各个角落，其影响力、渗透了不可小，在网上，人们的性别意识、年龄意识、身份意识已经被淡化，网上交流表现出身份的虚拟性，交往的隐蔽性和神秘性;当不同民族、不同文化的网民用网络语言来交流时，增进了相互之间的了解，突破了民族、文化界限，赋予人们更大的国际性和包容性;网络“资源共享”的价值观，使人们进入网络就可以超越社会制度、思想文化等种种局限而共享的国际信息。
第四，覆盖面广“截止1999年底，全球200多个国家和地区拥有1.2亿网上用户”，“CNN一IC的最新资料表明，目前我国国内上网的网民已经达到1790万人而且人数增加速度加快，2003年上半年互联网宽带接入用户以平均每月8%的速度增长，净增658.3万户，总数达到1773.1万户①。随着政府上网、企业上网、电子商务的浪潮一浪高过一浪，未来数年内网民将呈现几何级数的增长。之中发展趋势使得全球人们逐渐生活在同一张“网”中。人们之间信息的交流也更为宽广。
第五，高度的虚拟性这使得网络文化呈现难以控制的趋势。网络产生庞大而多样的虚拟社群，给人以虚拟化的身份。人并不需要首先考虑现实社会标准化的准则，而是面对自己想要什么(包括潜意识中想满足什么)。我们看一看BBS、网络聊天室的内容，看一看象”酷站”、”小资情调”、”虚拟性爱”这样的栏目与文章就可知道它充分的个人化色彩，其虚拟的身份为其构成了一道天然的屏障。任何人在这里都可以不以自己真实的身份或者假扮异性进行交流、发言。这种虚拟性导致了许多问题的产生，一方面，无法对网络上的欺骗、反动行为进行即使有效的侦察。另一方面，高度的虚拟性使得长期沉浸于此的人容易产生性格障碍，甚至造成人们性别的心理错位。
网络文化的上述特点决定了它是把“双面刃”，一方面，它使得人们更迅速有效地得到想要信息，而且带人们进入了一个“真正自由、开放的社会”。另一个方面，也正是它本身的特点，造成了某些消极的影响，导致了道德相对主义和无政府主义的泛滥。在网络中，一个人不需要承担自己的义务和责任，因此可以滥用自己的权利，戴着虚假的面具可以为所欲为，而且这种虚假的话和虚假的消息一经发布，由于网络传播速度的特点，容易造成现实生活的恐慌。在2003年的“非典”事情中，一条短信能以每小时20万条的速度滚动，就是个典型的例子。在政府难以对网络形成行之有效的管理之时，就有必要在整个社会的范围之内加强思想道德教育尤其是诚实守信的教育。此时，在整个社会里构建一套完善的诚信制度就急切地摆在人们的眼前了。
二、网络文化社会下构建诚信制度的必要性
针对上述网络社会的文化特点，我们怎么样才能扬长避短，积极利用网络的资源为人类服务的同时，有效的防范网络所带来的消极因素呢对于这方面的问题，被广泛认同并被实践证明行之有效的是加强法制建设的同时，也加强道德的建设，实现“德”与“法”的相结合。其中，绝大多数人都着重强调了法律的作用，认为要完善信用制度的相关法律制度的建设，加强信用立法。同时，细化法律规定，使得立法上尽量覆盖到日常生活的细节、执法上做到违法必究，执法必严。用法律的手段维护社会信用，严厉处置违信、失信行为，维护诚信原则和制度的权威与严肃性。当然了，我们并不否认法律在维护社会诚信原则和制度方面的权威性与重要性，而且我们也应该看到法律在这方面效果的迅速之处。但是，鉴于网络社会的特点，我们更应该立足于长远的眼光，清醒地看到加强德育这方面的重要性，这是由于法律的弱点和网络社会的特点所决定的。首先，法律本身规定着“法无明文规定不为罪、法无明文规定不处罚”，而如上所说，网络社会的一大特点就是内容丰富，东西繁多;因此，想要详细地对任何现实中的任何事情都做出规定是完全不可能的，也是没必要的。这就使得不少人专门钻这个空子，在网络做虚假的、甚至是违法的行为。这时候，就需要另外一种更为行之有效的东西—道德来约束了。
补充：
计算机网络数据交换技术的发展历程，阐述数据交换每个发展阶段的技术特点。着重对分组交换技术进行分析论述。
交换设备是人类信息交互中的重要实施，在相互通信中起着立交桥的作用。交换技术的发展总是依赖于人类的信息需求、传送信息的格式和技术，以及控制技术的发展而螺旋型发展。从电话交换一直到当今数据交换、综合业务数字交换，交换技术经历了人工交换到自动交换的过程。人们对可视电话、可视图文、图象通信和多媒体等宽带业务的需求，也将大大地推动异步传输技术（ATM）和同步数字系列技术（SDH）及宽带用户接入网技术的不断进步和广泛应用。
从交换技术的发展历史看，数据交换经历了电路交换、报文交换、分组交换和综合业务数字交换的发展过程。
一、电路交换
自1876年美国贝尔发明电话以来，随着社会需求的增长和通信技术水平的不断发展，电路交换技术从最初的人工接续方式，经历了机电与电子式自动交换、存储程序控制的模拟和数字交换、第三方可编程交换等技术的变革，当前正在发展中的融合多媒体格式相互通信的软交换技术。
随着电子技术，尤其是半导体技术的迅速发展，人们在交换机内引入电子技术，这类交换机称作电子交换机。最初是在交换机的控制部分引入电子技术，话路部分仍采用机械接点，出现了“半电子交换机”、“准电子交换机”。只有在微电子技术和数字技术的进一步发展以后，才开始了全电子交换机的迅速发展。
1 9 4 6年第一台电子计算机的诞生，对交换技术的发展起了巨大的影响。在20世纪60年代后期，脉冲编码调制(PCM)技术成功地应用在通信传输系统中，对通话质量和节约线路设备成本都产生了很大好处。随着数字通信与P C M技术的迅速发展和广泛应用，于是产生了将P C M信息直接交换的思想，各国开始研制程控数字交换机。1970年法国首先在拉尼翁(Lanion)成功地开通了世界上第一台程控数字交换系统，标志着交换技术从传统的模拟交换进入到了数字交换时代。程控数字交换技术采用PCM数字传输和数字交换，非常适合信息数字化应用，除应用于普通电话通信以外，并且为开通用户电报、数据传送等非话业务提供了有利条件。目前在电信网中使用的电路交换机全部为程控数字交换机，可向用户提供电路方式的固定电话业务、移动电话业务和窄带ISDN业务。
二、报文交换
报文交换方式的数据传输单位是报文，报文就是站点一次性要发送的数据块，其长度不限且可变。当一个站要发送报文时，它将一个目的地址附加到报文上，网络节点根据报文上的目的地址信息，把报文发送到下一个节点，一直逐个节点地转送到目的节点。
每个节点在收到整个报文并检查无误后，就暂存这个报文，然后利用路由信息找出下一个节点的地址，再把整个报文传送给下一个节点。因此，端与端之间无需先通过呼叫建立连接。报文在每个节点的延迟时间，等于接收报文所需的时间加上向下一个节点转发所需的排队延迟时间之和。
三、分组交换
分组交换是交换技术发展的重要成果，代表着网络未来演进的方向。分组交换方式兼有报文交换和线路交换的优点。分组交换技术使用统计复用，与电路交换相比大大提高了带宽利用率。这要求在交换节点使用存储转发，从而导致掉队现象的发生。因此，分组交换全引入不固定的延迟的概念。分组交换网络主要有面向连接和无连接两种方式．分组网络包含3个功能面，分别是数据面、控制面和管理面。数据面负责分组转发，因此需要高性能的实现。目前主要的分组交换网包括面向连接的X．25、帧中继、ATM、MPLS以及无连接的以太网、CP／IP网络。
分组交换网有两种主要的形式：面向连接和无连接。对于分组交换技术来说，面向连接的网络与电路交换类似，也需要通过连接建立过程在交换机中分配资源；但由于它采用统计复用，所分配的资源是用逻辑标号来表示的。自分组交换技术出现以来，已经有多种分组交换网投人运行。电信领域最早提出的是X．2 5网络，但由于它协议复杂，速度有限，逐渐被性能更好的网络如帧中继代替。帧中继网络可以认为是X．2 5的改进版本，它简化了协议以提高处理效率。
计算机领域的一个侧重点是局域网，即小范围、小规模的网络，用于互连办公室内的计算机。目前以太网已成为占统治地位的局域网技术。
在2 0世纪9 0年代中后期，因特网获得较大发展，规模持续扩大，对核心路由器吞吐量的要求也越来越高。由于路由器对I P分组进行转发时路由表的查找比较复杂，转发速度受到很大限制。前面指出，面向连接网络使用逻辑子信道标号进行转发表查找，速度是很快的。人们结合ATM技术在这方面的优点，提出将核心网络改为使用类似于A T M的交换机，而只在边缘网络使用路由器的I P交换技术，最终发展为多协议标记交换(MPlS)。然而，在随后的几年中，提出了多种实用的高速路由查找方法，使其不再成为瓶颈。此时，MPLS最大的优点就是流量工程(Tramc En小needng)能力，即人为控制分组流向。但是由于目前高速路由器还能够很好地工作，MPLS技术并没有被广泛使用。
四、综合业务数字交换
综合业务数字网是集语音、数据、图文传真、可视电话等各种业务为一体的网络，适用于不同的带宽要求和多样的业务要求。异步传输模式ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)就是用于宽带综合业务数字网的一种交换技术。A T M是在分组交换基础上发展起来的。它使用固定长度分组，并使用空闲信元来填充信道，从而使信道被等长的时间小段。由于光纤通信提供了低误码率的传输通道，因而流量控制和差错控制便可移到用户终端，网络只负责信息的交换和传送，从而使传输时延减小。所以A T M适用于高速数据交换业务。
随着通信技术和通信业务需求的发展，迫使电信网络必须向宽带综合业务数字网(B—ISDN)方向发展。这要求通信网络和交换设备既要容纳非实时的数据业务，又要容纳实时性的电话和电视信号业务，还要考虑到满足突发性强、瞬时业务量大的要求，提高通信效率和经济性。在这样的通信业务条件下，传统的电路交换和分组交换都不能够胜任。电路交换的主要缺点是信道带宽(速率)分配缺乏灵活性，以及在处理突发业务情况下效率低。而分组交换则由于处理操作带来的时延而不适宜于实时通信。因此，在研究新的传送模式时需要找出两全的办法，既能达到网络资源的充分利用，又能使各种通信业务获得高质量的传送水平。这种新的传送模式就是后来出现的“异步转移模式”(ATM)。 转

㈨ 【英语作文】假设你是校英语报的记者,请根据以下信息，写一则新闻报道。 昨日夜间本市遭遇特大暴雨袭击

（略） 试题分析：提纲作文要求考生根据所给的写作要求和提纲，确定文章的中心思版想，然后紧紧围权绕中心思想展开写作。要求考生在保证内容要点全部概括的基础上可以充分发挥自己的想象，进而用自己的语言来表达某种观点或看法，增添了写作的灵活性，同时能较好地考查考生的想象能力和英语语言表达能力。点评：写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，因此考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示，认清写作要求和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当。语言力求准确、简洁。根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。

㈩ 虚假的消息 用英语怎么说必采纳

fake news
其中fake的意思是虚假的、伪造的
news的意思是消息、新闻
如果说“一条虚假的消息”，就是a piece of fake news