登革热的英语作文

『壹』 英语作文预防登革热怎样写

Recommended answer
1 specific laboratory examination should be performed as soon as possible,to identify patients with light.Strengthen the frontier health and quarantine.
2 cut off the route of transmission.Mosquito control,mosquito control is a fundamental measure to prevent this disease.Improve the health environment,the eradication of Aedes mosquito breeding ground,clean water.Spray mosquito killing agent eliminate mosquito.
3 to improve the population resistance to disease,diet nutrition,work and rest,appropriate exercise,enhanced physique.
4 vaccines are still in the development stage,test..

『贰』 登革热1篇演讲稿300字里的内容为什么没有拼音

四千字啊 ，好多 ， 尽量多的写出对自己的认识，对专业学习的认识，对自己以后的奋斗目标或者是计划，多写写，多讲些细节方面的。

『叁』 谁能帮我找一篇与微生物有关的英文文章``````

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9

A microorganism (also can be spelled as micro organism) or microbe is an organism that is microscopic (too small to be seen by the naked human eye). The study of microorganisms is called microbiology, a subject that began with Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microorganisms in 1675, using a microscope of his own design.

Microorganisms are incredibly diverse and include bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists, as well as some microscopic plants and animals such as plankton, and popularly-known animals such as the planarian and the amoeba. They do not include viruses and prions, which are generally classified as non-living. Most microorganisms are single-celled, or unicellular, but some multicellular organisms are microscopic, while some unicellular protists, and a bacteria called Thiomargarita namibiensis are visible to the naked eye.

Microorganisms live in all parts of the biosphere where there is liquid water, including hot springs, on the ocean floor, high in the atmosphere and deep inside rocks within the Earth's crust. Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers. As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen, they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle, and recent studies indicate that airborne microbes may play a role in precipitation and weather.

Microbes are also exploited by people in biotechnology, both in traditional food and beverage preparation, as well as modern technologies based on genetic engineering. However, pathogenic microbes are harmful, since they invade and grow within other organisms, causing diseases that kill millions of people, other animals, and plants.

History
Evolution
Single-celled microorganisms were the first forms of life to develop on earth, approximately 3–4 billion years ago.Further evolution was slow,and for about 3 billion years in the Precambrian eon, all organisms were microscopic. So, for most of the history of life on Earth the only form of life were microorganisms.Bacteria, algae and fungi have been identified in amber that is 220 million years old, which shows that the morphology of microorganisms has changed little since the triassic period.

Most microorganisms can reproce rapidly and microbes such as bacteria can also freely exchange genes by conjugation, transformation and transction between widely-divergent species.[10] This horizontal gene transfer, coupled with a high mutation rate and many other means of genetic variation, allows microorganisms to swiftly evolve (via natural selection) to survive in new environments and respond to environmental stresses. This rapid evolution is important in medicine, as it has led to the recent development of 'super-bugs' — pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to modern antibiotics.

Pre-Microbiology
The possibility that microorganisms might exist was discussed for many centuries before their actual discovery in the 17th century. The first ideas about microorganisms were those of the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro in a book titled On Agriculture in which he warns against locating a homestead near swamps:

“ …and because there are bred certain minute creatures which cannot be seen by the eyes, which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and there cause serious diseases.”

This passage seems to indicate that the ancients were aware of the possibility that diseases could be spread by yet unseen organisms.

In The Canon of Medicine (1020), Abū Alī ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) stated that bodily secretion is contaminated by foul foreign earthly bodies before being infected.He also hypothesized that tuberculosis and other diseases might be contagious, i.e. that they were infectious diseases, and used quarantine to limit their spread.

When the Black Death bubonic plague reached al-Andalus in the 14th century, Ibn Khatima wrote that infectious diseases were caused by "contagious entities" that enter the human body. Later, in 1546, Girolamo Fracastoro proposed that epidemic diseases were caused by transferable seedlike entities that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact, or even without contact over long distances.

All these early claims about the existence of microorganisms were speculative in nature and not based on any data or science. Microorganisms were neither proven, observed, nor correctly and accurately described until the 17th century. The reason for this was that all these early inquiries lacked the most fundamental tool in order for microbiology and bacteriology to exist as a science, and that was the microscope.

Discovery
Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe microorganisms, using a microscope of his own design, thereby making him the first microbiologist. In doing so Leeuwenhoek would make one of the most important contributions to biology and open up the fields of microbiology and bacteriology. Prior to Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microorganisms in 1675, it had been a mystery as to why grapes could be turned into wine, milk into cheese, or why food would spoil. Leeuwenhoek did not make the connection between these processes and microorganisms, but using a microscope, he did establish that there were forms of life that were not visible to the naked eye.Leeuwenhoek's discovery, along with subsequent observations by Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur, ended the long-held belief that life spontaneously appeared from non-living substances ring the process of spoilage.

Lazzarro Spallanzani found that microorganisms could only settle in a broth if the broth was exposed to the air. He also found that boiling the broth would sterilise it and kill the microorganisms. Louis Pasteur expanded upon Spallanzani's findings by exposing boiled broths to the air, in vessels that contained a filter to prevent all particles from passing through to the growth medium, and also in vessels with no filter at all, with air being admitted via a curved tube that would not allow st particles to come in contact with the broth. By boiling the broth beforehand, Pasteur ensured that no microorganisms survived within the broths at the beginning of his experiment. Nothing grew in the broths in the course of Pasteur's experiment. This meant that the living organisms that grew in such broths came from outside, as spores on st, rather than spontaneously generated within the broth. Thus, Pasteur dealt the death blow to the theory of spontaneous generation and supported germ theory.

In 1876, Robert Koch established that microbes can cause disease. He did this by finding that the blood of cattle who were infected with anthrax always had large numbers of Bacillus anthracis. Koch also found that he could transmit anthrax from one animal to another by taking a small sample of blood from the infected animal and injecting it into a healthy one, causing the healthy animal to become sick. He also found that he could grow the bacteria in a nutrient broth, inject it into a healthy animal, and cause illness. Based upon these experiments, he devised criteria for establishing a causal link between a microbe and a disease in what are now known as Koch's postulates.Though these postulates cannot be applied in all cases, they do retain historical importance in the development of scientific thought and can still be used today.

Classification and structure
Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere in the taxonomic organization of life on the planet. Bacteria and archaea are almost always microscopic, while a number of eukaryotes are also microscopic, including most protists, some fungi, as well as some animals and plants. Viruses are generally regarded as not living and therefore are not microbes, although the field of microbiology also encompasses the study of viruses.

[edit] Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are organisms that lack a cell nucleus and the other organelles found in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are almost always unicellular, although some species such as myxobacteria can aggregate into complex structures as part of their life cycle. These organisms are divided into two groups, the archaea and the bacteria.

Bacteria
Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. Bacteria inhabit practically all environments where some liquid water is available and the temperature is below +140 °C. They are found in sea water, soil, air, animals' gastrointestinal tracts, hot springs and even deep beneath the Earth's crust in rocks.[20] Practically all surfaces which have not been specially sterilized are covered in bacteria. The number of bacteria in the world is estimated to be around five million trillion trillion, or 5 × 1030.

Bacteria are practically all invisible to the naked eye, with a few extremely rare exceptions, such as Thiomargarita namibiensis.They are unicellular organisms and lack membrane-bound organelles. Their genome is usually a single loop of DNA, although they can also harbor small pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids can be transferred between cells through bacterial conjugation. Bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall, which provides strength and rigidity to their cells. They reproce by binary fission or sometimes by budding, but do not undergo sexual reproction. Some species form extraordinarily resilient spores, but for bacteria this is a mechanism for survival, not reproction. Under optimal conditions bacteria can grow extremely rapidly and can double as quickly as every 10 minutes......

微生物是指一切肉眼看不到或看不清楚，因而需要借助显微镜观察的微小生物。微生物包括原核微生物（如细菌）、真核微生物（如真菌、藻类和原虫）和无细胞生物（如病毒）三类。

主要特性
微生物最大的特点，不但在於体积微小，而且在结构上亦相当简单。由於微生物体积极之微小，故相对面积较大，物质吸收快，转化快。微生物在生长与繁殖上亦是很迅速的，而且适应性强。从寒冷的冰川到极酷热的温泉，从极高的山顶到极深的海底，微生物都能够生存。

由於微生物适应性强，又容易在较短时间内积聚非常多的个体（例如10^10个/毫升的数量级），因此容易筛选并分离到突变株。容易得到微生物突变株的性质，给人类利用与开发微生物带来广阔契机，但也是导致抗药性的内在原因。

微生物的代谢
微生物的代谢指微生物（细胞）内发生的全部化学反应。 微生物的代谢异常旺盛，这是由於微生物的表面积与体积比很大（约是同等重量的成年人的30万倍），使它们能够迅速与外界环境进行物质交换。

代谢产物 微生物在代谢过程中，会产生多种代谢产物。根据代谢产物与微生物生长繁殖的关系，可以分为初级代谢产物和次级代谢产物两类。 初级代谢产物是指微生物通过代谢活动产生的、自身生长和繁殖所必须的物质，如氨基酸、核苷酸、多糖、脂质、维生素等。在不同种类的微生物细胞中，初级代谢产物的种类基本相同。 次级代谢产物是指微生物生长到一定阶段才产生的化学结构十分复杂，对该微生物无明显生理功能，或并非是微生物生长和繁殖所必须的物质，如抗生素、毒素、激素、色素等。不同种类的微生物所产生的次级代谢产物不相同，它们可能积累在细胞内，也可能排到外环境中。

代谢的调节 微生物在长期的进化过程中，形成了一整套完善的代谢调节系统，以保证证代谢活动经济而高效地进行。微生物的代谢调节主要有两种方式：酶合成的调节和酶活性的调节。 另外人工控制微生物代谢的措施包括改变微生物遗传特徵，控制生产过程中的各种条件等。

主要分类
微生物主要分为以下几类：（参见生物分类总表）

原核微生物
细菌(Bacteria)
古菌(Archaea)
真核微生物
真菌(Fungi)
原生生物(protozoan)
藻类(algae)
无细胞生物
病毒(virus)
类病毒(virusoid)
拟病毒(viroid)
朊毒体（亦称朊病毒、蛋白质质感染性颗粒）(prion)

微生物在自然界的存在
微生物在自然界中广泛存在，数目巨大。下表为一些生态环境中微生物细胞数目的估计：

密度 全球总数
海水 108~109 L-1 约1029
海洋沉积物 109 g-1 约3×1029
动物消化道 1011 g-1 约1025
地表或海底下深处 102~108 约1030

原核生物共构成全球生物量的25~50%。

微生物的作用
微生物与人类的生产、生活和生存息息相关。有很多食品（如酱油、醋、味精、酒、酸奶、奶酪、蘑菇）、工业品（如皮革、纺织、石化）、药品（如抗生素、疫苗、维生素、生态农药）是依赖于微生物制造的；微生物在矿产探测与开采、废物处理（如水净化、沼气发酵）等各种领域中也发挥重要作用。微生物是自然界唯一认知的固氮者（如大豆根瘤菌）与动植物残体降解者（如纤维素的降解），同时位于常见生物链的首末两端，从而完成碳、氮、硫、磷等生物质在大循环中的衔接。若没有微生物，众多生物就失去必需的营养来源、植物的纤维质残体就无法分解而无限堆积，就没有自然界当前的繁荣与秩序或人类的产生与维续。

此外，微生物对地球上气候的变化也起着重要作用。许多微生物直接参与了温室气体的排放或者吸收，而也有很多微生物可以成为未来的生物燃料[1]。

微生物与人类健康
微生物与人类健康密切相关。多数微生物对人体是无害的。实际上，人体的外表面（如皮肤）和内表面（如肠道）生活着很多正常、有益的菌群。它们占据这些表面并产生天然的抗生素，抑制有害菌的着落与生长；它们也协助吸收或亲自制造一些人体必需的营养物质，如维生素和氨基酸。这些菌群的失调（如抗生素滥用）可以导致感染发生或营养缺失。然而另一方面，人类与动植物的疾病也有很多是由微生物引起，这些微生物叫做病原微生物(pathogenic microorganism)或病原(pathogen)。重要的人类致病微生物列于下表中。

主要的人类致病微生物 疾病名称 致病原 全球感染（携带者）人数 每年新发病例数 每年死亡人数
结核 结核分枝杆菌 ~20亿人（全球三分之一人口） 881万例 (2003 [1]) 175万人 (2003 [2])
艾滋病 人类免疫缺陷病毒 4200万人 550万例 310万人
痢疾 志贺氏菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌等 27亿例 190万人
疟疾 疟原虫 3-5亿例 100万人
乙型肝炎 乙型肝炎病毒 1000-3000万例 100万人
麻疹 麻疹病毒 3000万例 90万人
登革热 登革病毒 2000万例 2万4千人
流感 流感病毒 几乎全部人口 300-500万例 25万人
黄热病 黄热病毒 20万例 3万人

其他经常听说的致病微生物还有：流行已经完全得到控制或消灭的天花病毒（引起天花）和脊髓灰质炎病毒（导致小儿麻痹症）；引起炭疽病的炭疽杆菌；以及近年来显现的萨斯冠状病毒（引起严重急性呼吸道综合症，又名萨斯、也俗称非典型肺炎）和可能将在人类流行的禽流感。

对现代生物学研究与医学技术的贡献
现代生物学的若干基础性的重大发现与理论，是在研究微生物的过程中或以微生物为实验材料与工具取得的。这些理论包括：

证明DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）是遗传信息的载体（三大经典实验：肺炎球菌的转化实验、噬菌体实验、植物病毒的重组实验）
DNA的半保留复制方式（双螺旋的每一条子链分别、都是复制模板）
遗传密码子的解读（64个密码子各对应20种氨基酸及终止信号的哪一种）
基因的转录调节（operon, promoter, operator, repressor, activator的概念与调节方式）
信使RNA的翻译调节（terminator）
等等……（请添加）
现在，很多常用、通用的生物学研究技术依赖于微生物，比如：

分子克隆
重组蛋白在细菌或酵母中的表达
很多医学技术也依赖于微生物。比如：

以病毒为载体的基因治疗

『肆』 四年级预防登革热的作文

嗨，大家好，我是人类一提起就头疼的病毒，是人类的敌人。我家可是一个大家庭，我的兄弟姐妹遍及全世界，怎么样，厉害吧！
我常常无声无息地在人类身上出现，要是有谁和我的任何一位兄弟姐妹交上朋友，那他真可是倒了十八辈子的大霉了，要知道我可不好惹哦。哈哈，告诉你们，我有时还会在一些小动物身上出现，让它们传染给人类。嗯，比如说，我可以让苍蝇、蚊子、老鼠等给人类带去致命的一击。这不，去年我带来了21世纪第一全球传染病——“非典”，而现在又带来了“登革热”。也之所以这样，我才成了人类讨厌的东西。但是，今天我谨代表全体病菌向你们人类提出严正抗议：都是人类自己惹的祸！
其时，在从前，我的兄弟姐妹可没那么多。可是呢，自从人类过上幸福的生活后，他们的环保意识也渐渐消失了。不信，你瞧，人类开始乱倒垃圾、砍伐树木、污染河流，把碧蓝的天空染成了黑色，把碧绿的河水变得的又脏又臭，把广阔的森林变成了无边无际的沙漠。从此，我们病毒家族就趁虚而入，走进了人类的生活，开始使繁殖。而这时候的人类却是那样愚不可及，还没有意识到我们的厉害，直到惹恼了我，才开始预防。
有时候，也是人类自己不讲究卫生，给我了机会！不信，举个例子吧。一天，我的小主人刚踢完足球回家，又饿又渴，就打开饮料盖子大口喝，拿起一个面包张口就咬，连手也来不及洗。才喝了一半，大伙又在叫他，他放下水瓶、面包，上阵去了。小主人走后，水瓶摇晃了一下，打翻了，水哗哗地流去一半……
这时，桌子上我的兄弟、姐妹们――大肠杆菌、肝病菌、蛲虫妈妈的小宝宝……渐渐活跃起来了，他们先愉快地洗了个澡，喝了个痛快，然后争先恐后地往瓶子里、面包里钻，都想去细皮嫩肉的小主人肚子里过一段好日子，畅想未来
一会儿，小主人又回来了。大家暗自高兴，跃跃欲试，纷纷抢到前面去，等待美梦成真。 结果，可想而知了。这样说来，是不是人类自己闯得祸？
假如人类还是那样不保护环境，不讲究卫生，不及时做好预防工作，我还不知道会给人类带来什么灾难，也许会成为“非典第二”吧！

『伍』 传播登革热的蚊子是什么样的

1、传播登革热的蚊子是什么样的：是白纹伊蚊（俗称“花蚊子”），

2、登革热是登革病毒引起，经伊蚊叮咬传播的一种以发热、皮疹和全身疼痛为主要症状的急性传染病，通常夏秋季节高发。

『陆』 求大神帮我翻译这篇英文新闻，急！！！！！！！

广东登革热病易造成五死

在中国南部的广东省开始蔓延的登革热病又夺内走了一个人的生命。

这个容周末因这个病毒造成的有一个死亡把总死亡人数变成5人、

今年，在广东已有20000个人统计说得了登革热病，也是20年以来最槽糕的一次病毒传染。
潮湿的天气以及高温都是造成这次登革热病突然地大面积蔓延。
“今年的气温很高而且持续的时间很长。不卫生也是另一个因素。第三个因素是更多广州的人开始到外地去，特别是亚洲南部，因此提升了人流量。所有的这些因素都导致了这次登革热病的蔓延。

广州地方政府正在不停地处理那些蚊子最有可能繁殖的地方。

靠蚊子传播的登革热病，会给人们带来跟流感差不多的症状，而且一般不会造成死亡。但是hemmoragic 式的这种病毒是会造成死亡的。

现在hemmoragic式的这种病毒还没有出现在广东境内。

『柒』 关于登革热的新闻作文100至200字

登革热
登革热是由蚊子叮咬人传播登革热病毒引起的急性发热传染病。临床专上可分为四个血清型，属各个型都可发展为登革出血热导致出血、休克甚至死亡。
登革热如何传播
登革热是由蚊虫叮咬吸血传播的。它的病原体是登革热病毒，重要媒介是埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊。广东主要季节是5-11月。
“花斑蚊”的生活习性
白纹伊蚊（俗称花斑蚊）喜欢在静止的清水中产卵，例如家中的水缸、花瓶、阳台花座积水、室外废弃的缸罐、一次性餐具、轮胎以及竹筒、树洞等积水容器或阴暗潮湿的场所等。“花斑蚊”白天叮咬人，高峰在早上8-9时及下午5-6时。
登革热蚊虫常见各种孽生地
1、种养水养植物的花盆
2、花盆托盘
3、水池、盆和缸
4、闲置瓶罐、菜坛和花盆
5、旧轮胎
6、塑料薄膜，一次性杯及饭盒垃圾
7、水沟、水坑
8、树洞
9、石洞
10、竹头
登革热的潜伏期
潜伏期为2～15天，一般为5-8日。平均6天左右，潜伏期的长短与侵入病毒的量和机体的抵抗力有关。如果流行季节或流行区域内突然发烧，应及时到医院就诊。

『捌』 有关登革热的英文作文5个句子

Yellow fever is a very serious thing in Africa.

I am not gonna get yellow fever in my baracs.

They are going to check your yellow fever book when you arrive their airport.

what do you know about yellow fever ?

How can we deal with yellow fever ?

Why do you need to make five sentences by using " yellow fever " things ?

『玖』 热门单词：“登革热”用英文怎么说

“登革热”用英文：

dengue fever

“登革热”的英文表达是dengue fever，是登革病毒经蚊媒传播引起的急性虫媒传染病。临床表现为高热、头痛、肌肉、骨关节剧烈酸痛、皮疹、出血倾向、淋巴结肿大、白细胞计数减少、血小板减少等。是东南亚地区儿童死亡的主要原因之一。

新华社的报道：

Dengue fever, a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly hits tropical and sub-tropical regions. Symptoms include fever, nausea, rashes, backache and headaches.