❶ 英語作文書信格式範文
一,英語作文書信格式:
1,最上面頂格寫你要把信寫給誰。
2,第二段寫你要對這個朋友要說的話。
3,寫完後最後的一行寫上你自己的名字。
二,範文:
Dear Mike,I am glad to introce my family to you. My family is a warm and happy family.There are 5 people in my family, my grandpa, my grandma, my father, my motherand I. My grandparents are both teachers, they are still teaching in a university.Grandpa is for maths, and Grandma is for English, sometimes their students cometo our home to send their greetings to them. My father is working in an American factory,he is very busy. Every evening he is doing his work in the midnight. At weekend he alwaysgoes to factory for his work. My mother is a nurse. Her hospital is near my home. I am a student in Junior high school. I hope you will introce your family to meyours
sincerely
Tom
拓展資料:英語寫作文的注意事項:
避免使用漢語式英語。
避免使用漢語式英語。
時態、語態要准確無誤。
主謂語要一致。主謂語要完整。
注意冠詞用法、名詞單復數、標點符號和大小寫等。
注意語序 (感嘆句,疑問句,賓語從句。
書寫規范, 卷面整潔,以避免不必要的失分。
❷ 初中英語常見作文類型的例文
英語常見的作文類型一,描寫 記述 (與一般的課文一樣)
二,英文書信
五, 英文通知
六,英文日記
三,英文請假條,便條
四,英文講稿(發言稿,自我介紹
中考英語作文常見的題型
看圖寫話:給出畫面,或英文提示,按要求
寫作.
看圖(或材料)填空
材料作文(近年各地市常考的題型):
給出一定的書面(中文或英文)材料,按題目要求寫作
命題作文(多為描寫,記事,敘述)
寫英語作文時應注意的事項
切題:用足所給材料,寫作最簡單的英文句子,千萬別漏了所給的"要點材料"
句子結構:人(物)+ 干(是)….+(賓語或表語)+ 其他
動詞的時態:依據文義或句子的 意義,確定使用正確的時態並使用准確的動詞形式(最重要)
詞彙,短語,句型的搭配與使用
其他:主賓格,修飾關系,標點,大小寫,文體格式
英語寫作常見的典型錯誤
單詞拼寫錯誤
時態錯誤:用錯時態,寫錯動詞的形式,第三人稱單數漏加"S"
片語,短語,句型搭配與使用錯誤
人稱代詞的主,賓格不分,大小寫,標點,單復數,冠詞的使用
修飾關系錯誤:不能正確使用人稱代詞的各種關系;名詞當動詞用或動詞(或形容詞)當名詞用;副詞與形容詞的使用
句子結構錯誤:缺主語,缺謂語,"系表"不分
英語寫作常用的幾種時態
一般現在時:常用於一般性的介紹,描寫中,
常見錯誤是主語為第三人稱單數時漏加S
被動式:is/ are + done
用於過去時間里發生的事情(日記文體中),
常見的錯誤是,寫錯動詞的過去式;
被動式:was / were + done
用於將要發生的事件中:will + do 或 be
going to do ,常見錯誤是,will 或 to 之後不使用動詞原形;
被動式:will be + done ; is / are going to be done
一般過去時:
一般將來時:
英文信件!注意:寫信的格式
(地址,日期,稱呼,落款,標點)
地址日期
稱 呼
落 款
Ⅷ.書面表達(本題20分,02年山東濰坊)
假設你是Li Ping,濰坊十八中的一名學生.請根據提示寫一封約120個詞的英文信和一個英文信封.
信息提示:
收信人姓名
Jim
收信人地址
438King Street New Tom,Sydney Australia
寫信人姓名
Li Ping
寫信人地址
188 East Dongfeng Street Weifang,Shandong China
寫信內容
簡介濰坊,簡介濰坊18中,學校生活,個人
寫信日期
2002年6月23日
VIII英文信封
Li Ping
188 East Dongfeng Street
Weifang, Shandong, China
Jim
438 King Street, New Town
Sydney, Australia初中英語作文評析全文下載: http://www.joozone.com/xiazai/1966.html寫信人地址:信封左上角
與漢語相反
收信人地址:信封右下角
與漢語相反
寫地址時注意:名字,街(路)號,鎮(區),市,省,國
信的正文
188 East Dongfeng Street
Weifang, Shandong, China
June 23, 2002
How are you I'm very glad to write the letter to you. My name is Li Ping. I'm a Chinese boy. I'm from Weifang, China. Do you know Weifang It's a beautiful city in Shandong. It's a kite city. I study in No. 18 Middle School. Our school is very beautiful. I'm in Class 1, Grade 3. There are 24 classes in our school. We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects. I like English very much. I like playing computer games, football and watching TV. I have many good friends. We help each other. There are three people in my family. They are my father, my mother and I. I want to make friends with you. Please write to me soon. Welcome to Weifang.
Yours Li Ping
_
Dear Jim,
B)假如你是李雷,你收到英國朋友Jack的一封信,他希望交一些中國筆友.你給他寫一封回信,將你的朋友魏華介紹給他.內容應包括"出生年月,生活地方,父母情況,他的興趣愛好,最擅長的科目,你們在一起常做些什麼和他長大後准備干什麼".
根據以上要求,請你用60—70個單詞來完成這封簡訊.要求意思連貫,符合邏輯.信的開頭和結尾已寫在試卷上.(本題共10分,廣東02年中考)
No. 9 Minzu Road,
Zhongshan City,
Guangdong, China 528400
June 22nd,2002
Dear Jack,
I am glad to receive your letter and know you want to have some pen friends in China. Now let me tell you something about my friend, Wei Hua, a student of Class 3, Grade 2 in Yucai Middle School.
He would like to know something about your school life and your country. I m sure you will be good friends soon.
Yours,
Li Lei
請假條(便條)!
格式,與寫信差不多
(寫日期,稱呼,內容,落款)
C)書面表達(共10分,02年湖南益陽))
請代為韓梅給英語老師Mr Smith出寫一張病假條,可選用下列單詞或短語(有的要作必要的變動).請假條的開頭部分已給出.(字數50—70)
catch a bad cold, go swimming, doctor, tell me, go to school, can not, stay in bed for two days, today and tomorrow, hope, get well, because)
June 20,2002
Dear Mr Smith,
I'm sorry to tell you that…
June,20,2002
Dear Mr Smith,
I'm sorry to tell you that I'm not feeling well today. I have caught a bad cold because I went swimming in the river yesterday afternoon. The doctor told me to stay in bed for two days. So I can't go to school today and tomorrow. I hope I' 11 get well very soon. Thank you.
Your student Han Mei
_
_
_
❸ 初中英語寫信的格式
英語的書信的格式和範文
小學英語考試中,書信類作文的幾率很高。讓孩子寫好書信類作文,不僅是應試的需要,也是一項非常實用的交際技能。
英語信件的種類比較多,有一般信件,邀請信,推薦信等。但幾乎所有信件的格式都大同小異。家長指導孩子寫英語信件,要注意英語書信結構、書寫款式及要求。
信頭
指發信人的姓名(單位名稱)、地址和日期,一般寫在信紙的右上角。一般公函或商業信函的信紙上都印有單位或公司的名稱、地址、電話號碼等,因此就只需在信頭下面的右邊寫上寫信日期就可以了。
英文地址的寫法與中文完全不同,地址的名稱按從小到大的順序:
第一行寫門牌號碼和街名;第二行寫縣、市、省、州、郵編、國名;然後再寫日期。標點符號一般在每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的之間,該用的還要用,例如在寫日期的時候。
日期的寫法,如1997年7月30日,英文為:July 30,1997(最為普遍);July 30th,1997;30th July,1997等。1997不可寫成97。
信內地址
在一般的社交信中,信內收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公務信函中不能。將收信人的姓名、地址等寫在信頭日期下方的左角上,要求與對信頭的要求一樣,不必再寫日期。
稱呼
是寫信人對收信人的稱呼用語。位置在信內地址下方一、二行的地方,從該行的頂格寫起,在稱呼後面一般用逗號(英國式),也可以用冒號(美國式)。
(1)寫給親人、親戚和關系密切的朋友時,用Dear或My dear再加上表示親屬關系的稱呼或直稱其名(這里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:My dear father,Dear Tom等。
(2)寫給公務上的信函用Dear Madam,Dear Sir或Gentleman(Gentlemen)。注意:Dear純屬公務上往來的客氣形式。Gentlemen總是以復數形式出現,前不加Dear,是Dear Sir的復數形式。
(3)寫給收信人的信,也可用頭銜、職位、職稱、學位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。
正文
位置在下面稱呼語隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文層次分明、簡單易懂。和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用Hello!(你好!)
正文有縮進式和齊頭式兩種。每段書信第一行的第一個字母稍微向右縮進些,通常以五個字母為宜,每段第二行從左面頂格寫起,這就是縮進式。
但美國人寫信各段落往往不用縮進式,用齊頭式,即每一行都從左面頂格寫起。商務信件大都採用齊頭式的寫法。
結束語
在正文下面的一、二行處,從信紙的中間偏右處開始,第一個詞開頭要大寫,句末用逗號。不同的對象,結束語的寫法也不同。
❹ 《telephone》寫一篇初中英語作文格式為總——分——總
The telephone plays an important role in our daily life.With telephones, our life has become much more easy and convenient.
No matter how far away your friend is, you can always contact him with the telephone. Beside making a telephone call, we can also use it for other purposes. for example ,we can search for information and make friends .we can also listen to music etc.
In a word, the telephone isvery useful for our daily life
❺ 初中英語作文的結構怎麼寫有沒有好的作文範文
一、作文做題步驟:
1 審題:審清作文體裁(類型)時態、人稱等細節; 2 列提綱(文章結構框架):分幾段,以及每段大體內容; 3 寫作:在提綱的基礎上補充要點;
4 復查:2遍——1遍看查拼寫、語法、標點等問題;2遍不出聲讀查,靠語感檢查語句是否通順、連貫等;5 謄抄:不允許做任何的更改。 二、作文一般框架: 文章分3段:
(1)綜述:概括性強,最多2句話引入主題;
(2)正文——主要內容:層次性強,一定要有過渡型連接詞。最多展開3個方面,每個方面最多2句話;(3)結尾:緊扣主題,2句話內結束,盡量升華。 Beginning 開頭: topic sentence 主題句----說出文中的要點、核心問題
Middle 正文 :supporting sentences支持句----用例子、實事或數據圍繞主題開展敘述、討論 Ending 結尾: concluding sentence 結論句----對全文的總結和概括。 1. Learning English
As we all know, English becomes more and more popular/ important. Many people say it』s difficult to learn English.But I don』t think so. 2. To be a volunteer for the 26th Universiade
As we all know, the 26th Universiade is coming soon. I want to be a volunteer for it. A volunteer plays an important part in the 26th Universiade. 3. A School Trip I will never forget the school trip last week. 三、正文:巧用連接詞,賦予語言靈氣 按事情發展的先後或時間順序 1)Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly
2)first, then/next, after that/ next, finally
3) soon, suddenly, at that moment , as soon as, from now on, at the same time, not...until, before, after, when , while, ring 表示並列
not only... but also, both... and, either ...or, neither...nor,on the one hand…on the other hand 表示舉例或補充
1)for example 2)besides / what』s more/ what』s worse 表示轉折 however, but,although, instead (of) 表示原因 thanks to, because of,because 表示結果 as a result, so ,so...that, such...that, 表目的 in order to, so that
表比較 the same as, as...as..., than, of all 五、結尾畫龍點睛,首尾呼應
1. 與開頭呼應,再次重申自己的觀點, 注意避免重復句式。 2. 結尾經典片語、句型:
At last/ Finally ... 最後In a word, ... 總而言之In short, ... 簡言之 We hope that··· 我們希望Let』s try our best to ....I believe if we can..., ... will be .... What a ...! / How...! Keeping healthy
Let』s try our best to keep healthy.
In short, it』s important to have good habits and keep healthy. Helping others
I believe if we can help others, the world will be more and more beautiful. To be a green consumer [kən'sjuːmə]消費者 Let』s try our best to be a green consumer.
In one word, it』s necessary for us to protect the environment. Beijing
How beautiful Beijing is!Why not come to Beijing and enjoy yourself?
❻ 初中英語作文範文(5篇)
1. By the side of Du Liu River,there is beautiful village.It』s my hometown.
The river is clear and long.In it there are lots of fishes and all kinds of stones.Flowers and grass grow all over the banks.They are red ,yellow,green,blue and white.All of them form a beautiful picture of nature.If you look at it carefully by yourself,you must be much pleasure.
There are many trees on the bank of the river,the trees are big and tall.Like big umbrellas .In summer,birds sing in them,people read ,play and talk under them. Then the natural parks are formed.Do you want to come here .The people not only are very kind and warm-hearted,but also are hard-workink.
So I love my hometown .Love everything of my hometown..I hope my hometown richer and ric
2.Dear mom:
Today is October 10th..It』s your birthday.I want to say:「Thank you ,mom.I love you,mom.」
I am thirteen years old now,and I can know many things.You are a great mother. You not only work at office,but also do housework at home.You always say:「We should be helpful and kind.」You ask me to eat healthy food and keep take exercese .Every morning,we run together.Every evening,you help me with my English.For me and our family you do everything.You are toilsome,mom.I will study harder and won』t let you down.
Happy birthday,mom.I hope you healthy and young forever.
3.Rong Jiang ,Gui Zhou is my hometown a small city lived Dong(侗),Miao(苗),Shui(水),Yao(瑤)people.There has beautiful mountains、clear water and long history.
It is named Rong Jiang because of banyans.There are many big and tall banyans by the side of the rivers.The banyans are old-age around hundreds of years. They are like soliders keep guard our homeland.They also like big umbrellas keep out wind and rain for people in the four seasons. Ancient Banyans Group is a smart sight at my hometown.
Rong Jiang is famous for watermelon and its special local procts.In summer, watermelons are mature.In the fields are all over the delicious watermelons.Everyone loves them.When you are thirsty,you can partake a piece of watermelon,the immortal you are.My hometown has many special local procts,such as juan fen(卷粉) 、solt fish(腌魚)、solt meat(腌肉)、solt vegetable(腌菜) ect.They are very delicious,too.Welcome to my hometown and taste the toothsome foods.
I love my hometown,love the mountains、the rivers and the people.I must study harder.Then I can make my hometown more beautiful and richer in future.
4.English is more and more important around the world. So we must try our best to learn English well.Plenty of students have trouble in learning English. Ihave four golden ways in learning English. First, we must concentrate on listening to the teacher , because it's the most important . We can learn a lot in class. Secendly, we must be able to read aloud . Maybe you feel difficult , but don't stop reading. Don't be afraid of making mistakes, you must believe that you can do better . Thirdly ,you should do more practice by writting . If you study English by these ways , you'll be a successful student.
5.My Strict Mother
趙世傑
In my memory, people always say 「Strict father, kind mother.」 The fact isn』t like that in my family. I have not only a strict father, but also a strict mother.
When I was there years old, Mother cursed me hard because I broke a bowl. That made me frightened. After that day, I tried to do everything carefully in case she scolded me badly. I knew she only wanted me to do well.
Perhaps I said some wrong words when I played with my younger cousin. My father scolded me, so did my mother. She never tells me why she treats me strictly. I think it is hard work that made Mother strict and confident.
My dear mom, could you treat me kindly? I would be more wonderful if you were not so strict!
下面的網站希望對你有作用
❼ 初中英語作文
Do you know how i can learn English ? Here are some ways you can try. In class, you should listen to the teacher carefully and be active all the time. If you have any questions, you should ask your teacher in time. After class, you must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time. At home, you should practice pronunciations by listening to tapes. Do you like English movies? Watching movies can improve your spoken skills . And do more reading in your free time. If you do like that, I'm sure you will be a good learner soon.
❽ 初中英語作文廣告類範文,英語廣告的格式
英語廣告的格式
1、slogan.
2、headline.
3、illustration.(圖像,一般已經給出)。
4、body.
5、signature.
廣告類範文
一種皮鞋油內的廣告語
第一流產品,容為足下增光
Our shoe polish is surely of the first rate;
It shines your shoes and you look great.
大寶護膚霜的廣告語
「要想皮膚好,早晚用大寶」
Applying 「Dabao」 morning and night
Makes your skincare a real delight.
❾ 英語作文格式
英語作文的書寫格式·英文書寫和移行
班級class
姓名
英文書寫應符合書寫規范,英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀,字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮,通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如字母i,應該先寫下面的部分,然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫,寫快了,就會把點和下面的十筆連在量起,顯得十分別扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆,看上去不像t,倒像l或是e,難以辨認。另外,把r寫成v,把q寫成把g,把k寫成h等等,都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩,能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫,但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫,卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下,或一律寫成同一高度,占上中兩格的字母與佔中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外,書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離,不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣,不能隨意亂來。
在一篇字數有限的作文里,我們還要注意盡量不把一個單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行,則必須以音節為單位進行,如revolution這個詞,依照音節移行的原則可以按re-,revo-,
revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時,我們還應特別注意以下幾點:
1.
單音節詞不能移行,即使是字母較多的單音節詞,如through等也不能例外。
2.縮略詞如Mr.,Dr.等不能和後面的名字拆開移行。
縮略的專用名詞如U.K.,U.S.A等也不能拆開移行。
3.時間、量度及貨幣單位應視為一個整體;不能分開移行。如;
11:00P.M.應寫在一行內,不能將11:00和P.M.分開移行;寫38℃時,不能將36和C分開移行。
4.由「年、月、日」表示的日期,如果必須分開移行只能將「月、日」與「年」分開。如January
6,1980不能將January和6分開移行,但可以把January
6,和1980分成兩行。
5.含雙寫輔音字母的單詞,在移行時要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成better,necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果雙寫輔音字母屬於詞根,後面又加了後綴,就不能將兩個輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing後構成了drilling,就不可以將它拆成成dril-ling,而只能拆為drilling。
❿ 初中英語作文格式及範文
一、書信格式
1 .信頭。指發信人的地址和日期。從信紙的上端中央往右寫。第一行寫單位名稱,第二行寫門牌號和路名,第三行寫市名、省名、國名,第四行寫發信日期。學生寫信時第一行寫班級名稱,第二行寫系科名稱,第三行寫學校名稱,第四行寫市、省名稱,第五行寫國家名稱,第六行寫發信日期。如果是國內信件,國名可以不寫。要特別注意英文地址寫法順序是從小單位到大單位。日期的寫法有美英之分。英國的寫法是:日,月,年,如 10th of October , 2002 .美國的寫法是:月,日,年,如 October 10 , 2002 .例如:
Xiangyang Middle School (向陽中學)
No . 120 , Xinhua Road (新華路 120 號)
Cangzhou , Hebei Province 061001 (滄州市河北省 061001 )
P . R . of China (中華人民共和國)
October 20 , 2002 ( 2002 年 10 月 20 日)
2 .信內地址。指收信人的姓名和地址。低於信頭 1 — 2 行,從左邊開始寫。第一行寫姓名、頭銜,第二行寫單位名稱,第三行寫門牌號及路名,第四行寫市、省名稱,第五行寫國名。寫往學校的信,第一行寫姓名、頭銜,第二行寫系科名稱,第三行寫學校名稱,第四行寫市名、省名及郵政編碼,第五行寫國名。商業往來信件及公函必須寫信頭和信內地址。親友、熟人之間的信可以不寫信內地址,信頭處寫發信日期就行了。它與信封上收信人姓名、地址完全一樣。
3 .稱呼。就是對收信人的稱呼。信內地址下隔一、二行寫稱呼,其左側與信內地址第一行對齊,稱呼後面一般用逗號,但正式函件稱呼後多用冒號。對不相識的男子,單數常用 Sir , Dear Sir ,或 My Dear Sir ;復數常用 Dear Sirs 或 Gentlemen .對不相識的女子,單數常用 Madam , Dear Madam ,或 My Dear Madam ;復數常用 Madams 或 My Dear Madams .對比較熟識的男子,普通稱 Dear Mr .。。即可。對比較熟識的女性,普通稱 Dear Mrs (或 Miss )。。。即可。
4 .正文。是書信的主要部分,一般從稱呼下方隔一至兩行處開始寫正文。每段的第一個字母一般要縮進 3 — 5 個字母的空格。正文的內容要表達清楚,語言要簡單明了,態度要誠懇禮貌。如果信中涉及的事情不多,可以一段到底,如果要講的事情多,則可以分成幾段,段與段之間常隔 1 — 2 行。
5 .結束語。是寫信人對收信人的謙稱,寫在正文的下面 2 — 3 行處,從信紙中央偏右的地方寫起,一般用 Yours (第一個字母大寫)。若是親戚(包括家人),可以寫 Your loving son / sister / brother / daughter 等之類的表達法,若是對朋友,可以寫 Your friend ;若是對老師,可以寫 Your student .
6 .簽名。一般寫在結束語之下。
二、信封
英文信封的寫法與漢語不同。收信人的姓名及地址應寫在信封中下部,且先寫姓名後寫地址。寄信人的姓名及地址應寫在信封的左上角,若是普通書信,也可寫在信封背面。郵票貼在信封的右上角。在信封上常見的附加說明有「 Urgent (急件), Express (快件), Registered ( Regd )(掛號信), Airm ail (航空信)等」,要根據實際情況選用。下面是信封的格式:
怎麼樣,同學們?會用英語寫信了嗎?做一道中考題練練吧。
( 2002 河北省)根據提示和要求完成下面短文。
假如你( Li Lei )在去年夏令營認識的一個朋友 Jim 從英國給你寄來一件禮物—一件紅色的襯衫,並附有一封信。在信中他向你問好,他想知道你近來在忙些什麼。請你給他寫一封回信( 100 個詞左右)表示感謝。回信要包括以下內容:
①向 Jim 問好並對他表示感謝。
②禮物是你最喜歡的顏色,尺寸很合適,你非常喜歡。
③告訴 Jim 你近來很好,上周剛過完生日,生日聚會很熱鬧。詢問 Jim 的近況,並表示希望他能來中國。
注意:①信的格式已經給出。②信中不得使用真實的人名、地名。
65Zhonghua Street
Shijiazhuang 050000
Hebei , China
June 21st , 2002
Dear Jim ,
How are you ? ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
範文..
Your friend ,
Li LeiMy dearest Mother,
The mother『s day is coming and I would like to say "Happy mother『s day" in this letter. I love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me. This day, I will stay away and can『t give you my appreciation at home. I know I will watch myself, so don『t worry about me. I am doing very well on my study. My schoolmates and teachers are all very nice. Though I can『t be at home, I hope you have a wonderful mother『s day.
Love,
Your so寫作知識輔導——記敘文
Hi , dear friends .前幾次講的內容你們掌握了嗎?這次我要給大家說說初中階段常見的幾種文體——記敘文、描寫文、說明文的寫法。咱們先說說記敘文吧。
記敘文是以寫人、敘事為主要內容的一種文體,也是英語作文中最普遍、最基本的文體。它一般包括兩種:事實記敘文和想像記敘文。事實記敘文是寫真實事情,常用一般過去時;想像記敘文是寫虛擬的故事,常用一般現在時。它們的特點都是通過對人物、事件和景物的描寫,表現文章的主題和作者的思想感情。
記敘文寫作的基本要求是什麼呢?
①要有明確的中心思想。②記敘要清楚明白。③線索要清晰。④要有恰當的敘事角度。⑤選材要詳略得當。
具體地說,記敘文寫作要把握以下幾點:
1 .記敘文所記敘的事件必須相關連。要有開頭( beginning )、中間( middle )和結尾( end )。在必要時加入沖突( conflict ),以使情節曲折,跌宕起伏。一般說來,寫記敘文應把握好六個要素: who (何人)、 what (何事)、 when (何時)、 where (何地)、 why (何因)、 how (怎麼)。初中階段多為敘事短文,一般應包括 where , who , what 這三個最基本的東西。
2 .寫作時觀點的掌握非常重要。記敘文常用第一人稱或第三人稱兩種人稱記述。用第一人稱的角度記敘,使人感到親切,讀者很容易產生身臨其境之感,相信真有其事。這種形式常用在寫自傳、本人的經歷或記敘耳聞目睹的事件;用第三人稱的角度記敘,使人感到客觀。這種形式常用在對重大事件的客觀報導,以及記敘他人的經歷或事跡。
3 .常見的敘述方式有:①順敘。按事情發展的順序或時間順序進行敘述。②倒敘。把事情的結局或某個突出的片段提到前面敘述,然後再按照事情的順序敘述下去。③插敘。在敘述過程中,由於某種需要,暫時把敘述的線索中斷一下,插入有關的另一敘述。④夾敘夾議。一方面敘述事情,一方面對這件事情加以分析或評論。
請看下面的例文。要求:寫一篇題為 Planting Trees 的文章。
Planting Trees
It was fine on March 12 , 2001 . I got up early that day . All the students in our school went to the hill to plant trees .
We arrived at the hill at eight o'clock . The teacher asked each of us to plant at least six trees . Then we started digging , planting and watering . We all worked so hard that we could finish our tasks ahead of tim e . Among us , Wang Lin , our monitor set a good example for us . Though he was ill , he worked harder . When he finished his task , he went on to help others without even a little rest . He was wet all over after work .「 I must learn from him ,」 I said to myself . Looking at the lines of the young trees , we smiled happily , forgetting our tiredness .
這是一篇記敘文,記敘了 2001 年 3 月 12 日上山植樹的情況。文章主題鮮明,有條有理。 when (何時)、 where (何地)、 who (何人)、 what (何事)等交待的清清楚楚。
描寫文是以描寫為主要表達方式的文體,所謂描寫就是作者用生動、形象的語言對
人物、事物和環境作具體形象的描繪和刻畫,描寫的主要作用是:①展現美麗的自然景色;②描寫人物的外貌和內心世界;③交待人物活動的自然環境和社會環境。 在寫作過程中,作者可以按空間位置順序,由遠及近,由上及下,由外到內,由前到後組織材料,也可以按作者視線轉移的順序組織材料,先看到的先寫,後看到的後寫。描寫的基本方法按性質可分為主觀描寫和客觀描寫兩種。所謂主觀描寫就是在描寫過程中摻入作者自己的感受,寄託自己的主觀感情,塑造自己的理想的形象;客觀描寫就是在描寫過程中,作者不帶或很少帶主觀的感情色彩,而只對人物或某物的特徵客觀地、就事論事進行描寫。
請看下面的描述文:
Sunset
In order to see the sunset , I got everything ready before 5in the afternoon . Then I went to the East Hill .
At that time , the sun was already in the west but it was still shining . Its light was so bright that I couldn't even open my eyes . When I arrived at the East Hill , the light became a bit yellow . After a short while , it was completely golden , then red . The sun nearly set . It was like a big red ball . The cloud around it was also painted red . Little by little the cloud covered more and more of the sun . At last it disappeared behind the cloud . It was dark and I hurried back .
本文交待了看日落的時間、地點,詳細地描寫了日落的全過程。文章主要採用了客觀描寫方法,語言簡潔,描寫具體、生動。
下面該談談說明文了。
說明文是以說明為主要表達方式的文體。它主要用來說明事物的特點、發展變化規律、分析前因後果,目的在於使讀者獲得必要的信息,使人們對事物有個清晰、完整的了解和認識。說明文分為三種類型:實體事物說明文,包括說明書、廣告、解說詞等;事理說明文,包括理論性概念解釋、書文簡介、教材等;文藝性說明文,即要把說明的對象擬人化,進而編成一個故事介紹給讀者。
寫說明文要注意以下幾點:
1 .要抓准特徵。對某一事物予以說明,首先要弄清從哪些方面加以說明才能准確地反映被說明的事物。一般說來,說明事物可以從被說明事物的顏色、形狀、形態;性質、性能、習性;原因、原理;作用、用途、功能;危害、影響;結構;操作過程;發生、發展的規律等方面著手。但是,每一事物都有它自己的特徵,因而顯示出了這一事物與其他一事物的根本區別,因此,在說明事物時,不要面面俱到,要抓住事物的特徵,這樣才能使讀者得到具體而深刻的印象。
2 .層次要分明。說明事物要注意條理,否則就不可能說清復雜的事物。例如說明事物的結構,就要按照構造的順序來說明,或從上到下,或從前到後,或由外到里,或由主到次。又如說明四季的變化,就要按照時間的順序( spring , summer , autumn , winter )來寫。
3 .解析要清楚。對各種知識所作的解釋,對某種事物所作的說明,都要清楚明白。
4 .表現手法要多樣。常見的說明文方法有:①下定義。②舉例子。③運用比喻、比擬的方法。④做比較。⑤引用數字。⑥分類別。⑦列圖表。
5 .用詞要力求准確。引用的數據要絕對可靠,文字要簡明扼要,一目瞭然。這是寫說明文在語言文字上的要求:
請看下面的例文:
Hello , friends ,
You are warmly welcomed to our school . I'm Wu Dong . I'm very glad to be your guide . First , I'd like to tell you something about our school . It was set up in 1957 . The number of students is over 1200 , and the teachers about 100 . There are altogether 20classes . Besides the teaching buildings , we have a library for different kinds of subjects , and a school-run workshop .
We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon . After classes , we join in various activities , such as ball games , painting , singing and dancing .
Now let me show you around our school . This way , please .
本文是一篇說明文,是由學生接待來訪的朋友,向人們介紹本校的情況。本文目的明確,材料准確、詳實,語言簡練,並能按一定的順序來寫,是一篇較好的說明文。
怎麼樣?會寫這幾種文體了嗎?試著寫兩篇吧?
1 .記述一次郊遊活動( outing ),包括下列內容:
①時間、地點:上星期六,海邊。
②活動內容:去時花了幾個小時,到海邊後搭帳蓬,在露天生火做飯,講故事,唱歌,做游戲。
③自己感想:盡管很累,大家玩得很痛快。
要求:用第一人稱寫,詞數 70 左右。
2 .向明中學的「英語角」活動開展得有聲有色。請你用英語為一家英文報紙寫一篇 80 — 100 字的簡訊。