A. 高考英語定語從句復習教案
用作定語的從句叫做定語從句（attributive clause）
定語從句通常置於它所修飾的名詞（或代詞）之後，這種名詞（或代詞）叫做先行詞（antecedent）。
引導定語從句的詞叫關聯詞或引導詞，它分為關系代詞和關系副詞。
判斷定語從句使用何種引導詞取決於先行詞在定語從句中的成分。
常用的關系代詞：指人who(主語) whom(賓語)；指物which(主語，賓語)；即可指人，也可指物，既可作主語也可作賓語 that; 表示所有格whose(定語)既可指「人的」，也可指「物的」。
注意：指人時可以用who,也可以用that.但作主語時，多用主格who. 先行詞在定語從句中作主語，賓語，定語，引導詞要選擇關系代詞。
例句：This is the teacher who came from sk middle school.
The book which /that you read belongs to me.
The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
常用的關系副詞：表時間when;表地點where;表原因why表方式that(可以省略)。它們分別在從句中作狀語。先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，引導詞要用關系副詞。如果表示時間，地點，原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語，應用that 或which.
例句: This is the day when he went to college.
This is the factory where color TV sets are made.
I don』t believe the reason why he was late for school.
I don』t like the way that he spoke to his mother.(其中that 相當於in which ，可以省。)
He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.
關系代詞與關系副詞可以轉換
When ---適當的介詞+which
Where---適當的介詞+which
Why ----for which
That(方式)----in which
介詞+關系代詞的結構中，可以選擇的關系代詞有whom(指人)；which(指物)；whose(指「人的」或「物的」) 此處，介詞的選擇可以根據從句中的謂語動詞來定。
例句: This is the day when/on which he went to college.
This is the factory where/in which color TV sets are made.
I don』t believe the reason why/for which he was late for school.
This is the girl from whomI learned the news.
This is the book for which I paid 5dollars.
He works in a factory in whose front there is a river.
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切。即從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語。如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明確。
特點如下：1。主從之間不用逗號。2。可以用that 引導。3。引導詞作為賓語時可以省略。4。限制性定語從句一般只修飾先行詞。
非限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系不密切。即從句只是對先行詞作附加說明，如果省去，主句意思仍然清晰完整。
特點如下：1。主從之間用逗號。2。不可以用that 引導。3。引導詞作賓語不可以省略，介詞後的引導詞也不能省略。4。非限制性定語從句可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾其前面的整個句子或句子的一部分。
幾點需要注意的地方：
1隻能用that 的地方
先行詞為不定代詞all ,nothing, anything,等
先行詞有最高級，序數詞等修飾時
先行詞即有人又有物
先行詞有only,very,every,no,just,right等修飾時
先行詞為疑問代詞時
2關系代詞as 的用法
引導限制性定語從句，常和the same, such, so ,as 連用
引導非限制性定語從句，位置靈活，可以位於句首，中，尾。而which通常在句尾
只能指代主句整個概念，不能指代單個先行詞.(which可以指代)
常用於be known (excepted, announced, reported, shown)結構中
3定語從句與同位語從句的區別
兩者之前都有先行詞，但是從句與先行詞關系不同。
同位語從句與先行詞同位或等同；定語從句則是修飾關系。
去掉先行詞，同位語從句仍然意思清楚；定語從句缺少成分。
同位語從句多用that引導，不充當成分，但不可以省略；定語從句中that 可以做主語或賓語。
B. 高一的定語從句到底該怎麼學教授一下具體的學習教案
定語從句
（序）
定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，
其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分。
定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。
定語從句存在的條件:先行詞+關系詞（有的版本作關聯詞）+從句
（一） 限定性定語從句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作「不及物動詞＋介詞」的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置
2. which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略
4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語
5. where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句
6. when引導定語從句表示時間〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間「time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當於所修飾成分的前置所有格
8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導
（二）非限定性定語從句
非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉後其他部分仍可成立
1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2. 在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當於in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.
我出於某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
3. 有時as也可用作關系代詞
4. 在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.
（三）定語從句及相關術語
1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。2.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞成為關系詞關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有where, when, why等。關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
（四）關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.
4. that指人時，相當於who或者whom；指物時，相當於which。
在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（五）注意
介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時
從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We』ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We』ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. 「介詞+關系代詞」前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
（六）關系副詞引導的定語從句
1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don』t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由「介詞+關系代詞」引導的從句替換
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
（七）判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯（註：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）
（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（對） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二： 准確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum片語，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。
關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。
（八）介詞+關系詞
1）介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
（十）先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
（十一as） which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例題
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使後句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用於非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1） as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。
在本題中，prevent由於是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；
例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。
（十二）關系代詞that 的用法
(1)不用that的情況
(a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介詞後不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。
(d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.
(e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
（十三）難點分析
（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況
1．當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of ty won』t do such a thing.
2. 當先行詞被序數詞修飾
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5. 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1．As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之後，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之後。另外，as有「正如……，正像……」的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don』t believe.
注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 當先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary』s wedding.
她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
(三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有時也可以做關系詞引導定語從句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea.
( but= who don』t )
(五) 區分定語從句和同位語從句
1．定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關系；
同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內容，是補充說明的關系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位於從句
2．定語從句由關系代詞或者關系副詞引導，關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；
同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位語
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.