㈠ 我要一篇純英文的古典音樂介紹+翻譯
英文版在此：
Introction to Classical Music
Classical music is probably more familiar than we might at first imagine. Indeed, nowadays it is all around us, whether it be in restaurants, supermarkets, lifts, for advertising or as theme and incidental music on television. A great deal of film music either directly uses or draws from the 'classical' tradition; a good example of the former might be '2001: Space Odyssey', and of the latter, the many scores John Williams has composed in recent years for such blockbusters as the Star Wars and Indiana Jones trilogies.
In the vast and wide-ranging world of 'classical' music there is truly something there for everyone - pieces which once discovered represent the start of an exciting and irresistible journey which will provide a lifetime's listening pleasure. For example, those who are particularly excited by hearing instrumentalists working at full stretch will thrill to the likes of Liszt and Paganini, or if something a little more reserved and self-contained is required, the chamber music of Haydn or Mozart would be a good starting point. If a full symphony orchestra in overdrive is more to your taste then Tchaikovsky or Richard Strauss could well fit the bill, whereas those who have already warmed to Vivaldi's 'Four Seasons' might well try the music of some of the great Italian's contemporaries such as Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach or Domenico Scarlatti. Whatever your tastes may be, there has never been a better time to start building a 'classical' music collection on CD.
Any attempt to define what is meant literally by the term 'classical' music is fraught with difficulty. How does one encapsulate in just a few words a musical tradition which encompasses such infinite varieties of style and expression, from the monastic intonings of Gregorian chant to the laid-back jazz inflections of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, from the elegant poise of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik to the despairing, heightened emotionalism of Tchaikovsky's "Pathetique" Symphony? One is treading on very dangerous ground indeed if one pre-supposes that it is simply 'superior' to other musical types such as popular, jazz, rock and the like, let alone the music of other cultures.
In general 'popular' music may be as clear in expression as the longer examples of 'classical' music. One important difference, however, lies in the logical connection that exists in 'classical ' music between the beginning and end, with the latter a logical extension and development of the former. 'Popular' music, on the other hand, tends to present its material without development, the music ending when interest is exhausted.
Sadly, whilst 'classical' music is socially undivisive in itself, it has unfortunately become associated in most people's minds with the intellectual elite. Even now, and with certain honourable exceptions, the attending of a 'live' concert can be an intimidating (not to say costly) experience for the uninitiated, especially in that most jealously guarded of establishments, the opera house. The wonderful thing about the technological age in which we live, and particularly the advent of the compact disc, is that we can bypass all irrelevant social and intellectual pretence, and enjoy in the comfort of our own home (often at far less cost) some of the finest music ever composed.
With such a breathtaking variety of material available, it is an awesome task to know just where to begin your disc collection, and as a result expensive mistakes are often made as tempting looking purchases turn out to be something of a disappointment. This is where the Naxos catalogue really comes into its own, and where it is hoped this guide will help prospective purchasers to make an informed choice about the kind of music they are likely to enjoy.
The Naxos label provides a library of high quality performances of music by the great masters in modern digital sound; accompanied by authoritative and user-friendly booklet notes and at the lowest possible price. There are already nearly 600 titles from which to choose, and with new releases emerging at the rate of about eight every month, even the enthusiastic collector is well and truly catered for. With every historical period and genre covered, there is something in the Naxos catalogue for everyone, especially those who wish to build a truly representative collection of the central masterworks in the 'classical' tradition.
㈡ 英語作文 my fourite music instrument
The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. Widely used in Western music for solo performance, ensemble use, chamber music, and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal. Although not portable and often expensive, the piano's versatility and ubiquity have made it one of the most familiar musical instruments.
鋼琴是通過多種鍵盤方式來表演的樂器，在西方音樂中以獨版奏，合奏，室內音樂及伴奏權的方式廣泛應用。它也受歡迎於輔助作曲和排練。盡管它不方便攜帶並且價格昂貴，但鋼琴以它的多功能性及普及性成為人們最熟悉的樂器。
㈢ 傳統音樂的英語作文
Music could be created in any place when you have inspiration.At most times,we enjoy music like symphonic music.Even pop music,there is needn't to understand what are they wanting to tell us.We just need to hear it carefully.Therefore,music shouldn't have national boundaries.
According to my personal experience,music has a more positive effect on our life.When we are in a blue mood,we could listen to some foreigner song.Such as,My Love,the Funeral of Hearts and Close to the flame etc.The music is that we needn't to realize what are they singing.When you listen to their rhythm and style,you will feel your heart be touched and shake in a blue mood.Then,you will be enlightened and acquire power.
㈣ 急求西方音樂史簡介的英文版
History
[edit] Before 1800
The first studies of Western musical history date back to the middle of the 18th century. G.B. Martini published a three volume history titled Storia della musica (History of Music) between 1757 and 1781. Martin Gerbert published a two volume history of sacred music titled De cantu de musica sacra in 1774. Gerbert followed this work with a three volume work Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra containing significant writings on sacred music from the third century AD onwards in 1784.
[edit] 1800-1950
In the twentieth century, the work of Johannes Wolf and others developed studies in Medieval music and early Renaissance music. Wolf's writings on the history of musical notation are considered to be particularly notable by musicologists. Historical musicology has played a critical role in renewed interest in Baroque music as well as medieval and Renaissance music. In particular, the authentic performance movement owes much to historical musicological scholarship. Towards the middle of the twentieth century, musicology (and its largest subfield of historical musicology) expanded significantly as a field of study. Concurrently the number of musicological and music journals increased to create further outlets for the publication of research. The domination of German language scholarship ebbed as significant journals sprang up throughout the West, especially America.
答案補充 According to Richard Middleton, the strongest criticism of (historical) musicology has been that it by and large ignores popular music. Though musicological study of popular music has vastly increased in quantity recently, Middleton's assertion in 1990-- that most major "works of musicology, theoretical or historical, act as though popular music did not exist" -- holds true. 答案補充 Academic and conservatory training typically only peripherally addresses this broad spectrum of musics, and many (historical) musicologists who are "both contemptuous and condescending are looking for types of proction, musical form, and listening which they associate with a different kind of music...'classical music'...and they generally find popular music lacking" 答案補充 He cites three main aspects of this problem (p.104-6). The terminology of historical musicology is "slanted by the needs and history of a particular music ('classical music')." He acknowledges that "there is a rich vocabulary for certain areas [harmony, tonality, certain part-writing and forms], important in musicology's typical corpus";
㈤ 求一篇關於古典音樂與現代音樂的英語作文
What instruments are played?
When is the music played?
Who writes the songs?
What are the songs about?
Music is an important part of the Chinese people』 life.
Traditional Chinese music is played with traditional instruments such as the pipa, erhu, suona, guzheng, huqin, etc. The songs are mainly about love, life and news. Some songs tell us legends long long ago. And they are often handed down from generation to generation. In the past, the best chance to hear it was ring a festival or at a wedding.
Modern Chinese music, on the other hand, is played with drums, guitars and keyboard. Some songs also use traditional instruments as well. The young musicians and stars write new songs and people can enjoy them all the time over the radio, on TV or even in the street.
One thing that hasn』t changed very much is that they both are about love and life. Whether they change or not, our love for music and life never changes.
㈥ 求一篇介紹歐洲音樂發展的英語作文
1.Everyone has a dream. Now I'll talk about my dream. What is my dream I often ask myself. To my mind, everyone should have his own dream.
So we have a goal to realize it, I think we don't blindness at least.
My dream is become a successful actor helping the sick and saving their lives. Of course, to be a good doctor. It』s very difficult. But I will by all means to keep everyone healthy. That's my dream. I want to try my best to help the poor sick people of our country. I want to let them have an opportunity to receive excel-lent treatments for their illnesses without having to pay much or any money. China is a develop-ing country. She needs good medicine and good doctors, especially in the countryside and lonely villages.
Now I』m a junior Grade One student, all my classmates and I are working hard, we all know the entrance exam of high schools which will come in the year of 2011 is a big problem for us. We must study harder and harder in order to go to a good high school, then when we finish our school, we can go to a good university. Finally we can find a good job in society. My dream is also that. Although now I』m good at study, I』ll try my best to be the study winer. Now everything I do all is close to my dream. I fell the life is fill with hope and colorful, and have enough confidence to realize it.
I know fantasy is hard to come true, but dream can. I』ll work hard for my dreams,I』ll never give up.
每個人都有一個夢想，現在我來講講我的夢想，我的夢想是什麼喃？我總是告訴自己，每個人都需要有自己的夢想，因此，我們有一個目標去實現它，我想我們至少沒有失去方向，我的夢想是成為一名成功的演員，幫助病人和挽救他們的生命，當然，那是做一名出色的醫生，這是很困難的，但我會採取一切手段讓每個人都健康，這就是我的夢想，我要盡我所能幫助我國的窮病人，我希望讓他們有機會接受不需交納疾病治療過多或任何款項，中國是發展中國家，她需要良好的醫葯，農村特別是在偏僻的農村，我現在是一名學生，所有的學科我都會非常努力，我們都知道高中，他們將在2011年的高考，是我們一個很大的問題，我們要努力學習為了去一個好高中，然後當我們完成我們的學業，我們能走進好的大學，
最後，我們可以找到一個良好的社會工作。我的夢想，是因為他。雖然現在我善於學習，我會盡我最大努力，現在，我所做的一切都接近我的夢想。我摔倒，我的生活充滿希望，豐富多彩的，有足夠的信心去實現它。 我知道幻想是很難成真，但夢能實現。我要工作，我的夢想努力，我永遠不會放棄
2.I am sick，I still have a life span of three days， But I still have a lot of things to do，Only three days, I must seize the moment，I gave up those important things，Now I want to do the most have Four，First, in this day, I sleep with my mother in every day , and say good night to my family ，Because I love my family too，In the remaining time, I will certainly do so, I do not want to leave their.Second, I would like to cook for my parents，Because I never cook eat to their， They will be happy to eat my food, even if that something is not good.Third, I would like to go to the seasideand with my best friends， No matter, I will
very tired，I have to do it，That is the commitment between friends.Fourth, I'm going to my alma mater And I will chat to teachers，I would like say thanks to my teachers. I hope I can accomplish these things，It is sufficient.People have a heart of thanksgiving，Thanksgiving things done, there will be no regrets in life.Finally, I hope my family 、 friends and teachers have a healthy body
我生病了， 我還有三天的壽命了，可是我還有很多事要做，只有三天了，我必須抓緊時間，我放棄了那些不重要的事，現在我最想做的事有4件，第一我要每天睡在媽媽身邊，每天和家人說晚安，因為我太愛我的家人了，在剩下的時間里，我一定要這樣做，我很不想離開他們。第二，我要做飯給我的父母吃，他們會很樂意吃我做的食物，即使，那東西不好吃。第三，我要和我最好的朋友去海邊，就算會很累，我也無所謂，我一定要去，那是朋友間的承諾。第四，我要去我的母校，和老師聊天，感謝他們，我希望我能完成這些事，那就做夠了，人要有感恩之心，感恩的事做完，人生就沒有遺憾了，最後，希望我的家人朋友老師身體健康。
3.My best friend and I get along with each other quite well. But we are so different. He is funnier, more outgoing than I am and i'm more serious. He is more athletic and likes to play all kinds of sports but I am smarter on study. My friend is wilder than me and I am calmer. He is tall, thin, strong,with short hair, And sometimes he is very careless and lazy. On the other hands, I am short, fat, weak, with shorthair. He is very helpful because I am very lazy and don't want to do any sports. And I will help him with his study.
I think our friendship will last forever.
我和我最好的朋友相處的非常好，但是我們卻各有不同。他比我更有趣，更外向，而我很嚴肅。他是運動型的，各種體育運動都很喜歡，而我更擅長於學習。
我的朋友相對狂野而我相對沉靜。他又高又瘦，但是很結實，留著短發。一些時候他馬虎又懶散。與他相比，我顯得矮胖，而虛弱。我也是短頭發。他很樂於助人，因為我很懶不想做仍和運動。我會在學習上幫助他。我希望我們的友誼能夠持續到永遠
4.My School
I study in the No. I middle school, where there are three grades and thirty-two classes. It is not big but very beautiful.
In the center of the school there is a new teaching building, which is very clean and beautiful. The lab building and the library are to the east of the new building. There all kinds of book in the library. You can enioy them as many as you like.
South of the new building lies a playground and it's very big. On the playground, you can have sports such as football. basketball. You'd better play basketball as there are four basketball grounds in our school, You can enjoy yourself very much.
There are many trees in our school.Grass is everywhere. In front of the new building there are two gardens in which, there are flowers of all colours.
We are studying hard in our school, Our life is happy and intcrcsting. I love our school very much.
我的學校
我就讀於一中。學校有3個年級，32個班，它並不大，但是很漂亮。
校園中央是新建成的干凈、美麗的教學大樓。實驗樓和圖書樓在新樓的東側。圖書館有各種各樣的書，你可以隨意閱讀。操場在新樓的南邊，它很大，你可以在操場上做你喜歡的運動，如足球、籃球。你最好打籃球——因為學校共有四塊籃球場地——你一定會玩得十分盡興。
學校種了許多樹木，草坪隨處可見。新樓的前面有兩個花園；園里的鮮花五顏六色。
我們學習刻苦，生活愉快而有趣。我愛我們的學校。
5.My hobby is lisetening to music.
I like listening to music best.Because listening to music makes me relaxed.When I am tired,I will listening some quiet music,that makes me fall asleep very quickly.My favorite music is the music that has good lyrics.Good lyrics can also make me learn Chinese or English well
I love listening to music.I will keep this hobby forever。
我的愛好是聽音樂。 我喜歡最好聽到音樂。由於聽到音樂做我放鬆了。當我疲乏，我意志聽一些安靜的音樂，牌子我非常迅速睡著。我喜愛的音樂是有好抒情詩的音樂。好抒情詩可能也使我學會中文或英語好我喜愛聽到音樂。我永遠將保留這個愛
6.I and Olympic Games Olympic Games is window, I keep watch. This is a maximum window, had been rubbed bright. Through it, those that see are worlds. Here, it is changing every day, here burgeoning thing is being replaced. Have only me, this loyalty keep watch, it is paying attention to it every day, hopes to know it more. Olympic Games is crossing, I am pedestrian. There are many persons who pass here every day, there is Asian, have European, there is old person, have child. Here is traffic fort, joins the friend of all corners of the country. I pass the one of persons of hundreds of millions of here merely, cross it, go to another world. Olympic Games is Holy Land, I am volunteer. This is the land with pure flat, has holy fire from start to finish to accompany in side. Just because it is so, I pay out voluntarily for it, I will let my strength, let this slice of land more clean, let more ones know it, is also willing to devote oneself to it as me. I still help to the person who comes to here, let them enjoy the happiness of this slice of Holy Land. Olympic Games is platform, I am host. It has put up platform for us , lets world know us; It has built bridge for us , lets us and world link up better. This platform may let us display self wantonly. I am the host of here, I am proud to be the host of here. I will let the friendship of landlord, let guest experience enthusiasm and happiness. 我與奧運 奧運是窗口，我是守望者。 這是一扇極大的窗，被擦得明亮。透過它，看到的是世界。這里每天都在變，這里每天都有新興事物在更替。只有我，這個忠誠的守望者，每天都在關注它，希望更多地了解它。 奧運是路口，我是行人。 每天路過這里的人很多，有亞洲人、有歐洲人，有老人、有孩子。這兒是交通要塞，連接著五湖四海的朋友。我只是路過這里的億萬人之一，穿過它，到另一個世界去。 奧運是聖地，我是志願者。 這是片聖潔的土地，自始至終都有聖火在旁邊陪伴。正因為這樣，我自願為它付出，我要盡我的力量讓這片土地更加潔凈，讓更多人了解它，也像我一樣願意獻身於它。我還要給來這里的人予以幫助，讓他們享受這片聖地的快樂。 奧運是平台，我是主人。 它為我們搭起了平台，讓世界了解我們；它為我們建造了橋梁，讓我們與世界更好地溝通。這個平台可以讓我們盡情展現自己。我是這里的主人，我為是這里的主人自豪。我要盡地主之誼，讓來客感受到熱情與歡樂。
7.I love my family,because I have a happy family.
My father is an English teacher.His name is Jacky.He is thirty-eight.He likes playing basketball.What』s my mother jopIs she a teacherYes,you』re right!My mother is very kind and nice,she is thirty-seven.My mother is always laborious work.I love my parents!
On Staurday and Sunday,I often go to the library and play the piano,My father go to play basketball.Sometimes,we watch TV and listen to music at home.
I love my family.Because I』m very happy to live with my parents together!
我愛我的家庭,因為我有一個快樂的家庭.
我的爸爸是一名英語教師,他的名字叫Jacky.他今年38歲.他非常喜歡打籃球.我的媽媽是趕什麼呢她是一名教師嗎是的.你說對了!我的媽媽是一個很親切、友善的人,她今年37歲.我媽媽總是勤勞的幹活.我愛我的父母.
在星期六和星期天里,我經常去圖書館和彈鋼琴.我爸爸去打籃球.有時侯,我們都在家看電視和聽音樂.
我愛我家.因為我和爸爸媽媽一起生活得很開心!
補充：
8.Once upon a time, there was an island where all the feelings lived: Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge, and all of the others, including Love. One day it was announced to the feelings that the island would sink, so all constructed boats and left. Except for Love.Love was the only one who stayed. Love wanted to hold out until the last possible moment.When the island had almost sunk, Love decided to ask for help.Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love said,"Richness, can you take me with you"Richness answered, "No, I can't. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is no place here for you."Love decided to ask Vanity who was also passing by in a beautiful vessel. "Vanity, please help me!""I can't help you, Love. You are all wet and might damage my boat," Vanity answered.Sadness was close by so Love asked, "Sadness, let me go with you.""Oh . . . Love, I am so sad that I need to be by myself!"Happiness passed by Love, too, but she was so happy that she did not even hear when Love called her. Suddenly, there was a voice, "Come, Love, I will take you." It was an elder. So blessed and overjoyed, Love even forgot to ask the elder where they were going. When they arrived at dry land, the elder went her own way. Realizing how much was owed the elder, Love asked Knowledge, another elder, "Who Helped me""It was Time," Knowledge answered."Time" asked Love. "But why did Time help me"Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, "Because only Time is capable of understanding how valuable Love is." 中文翻譯 從前有一個島，所有的情感都住在那裡：幸福、悲傷、知識和所有其它的，愛也不例外。一天，所有的情感聽說小島即將沉沒，因此建造小船，紛紛離開，除了愛。
愛是唯一留下來的，因為它希望能堅持到最後一刻。
小島即將沉沒了，愛決定請求幫助。
富有駕著一艘大船從愛身邊經過，愛說，「富有，你能帶上我么？」
富有回答說：「不行，我的船上載滿金銀財寶，沒有你的地方。」
虛榮坐在漂亮的小船中從愛身邊駛過，愛問：「虛榮，你能幫助我么？」
虛榮說：「不行，你全身濕透，會弄臟我的船。」
悲傷的船靠近了，愛問：「悲傷，請帶我走吧。」
「哦。。。愛，我太難過了，想一個人呆著。」
幸福經過愛的身邊，它太開心了，根本沒聽見愛在呼喚。
突然，一個聲音喊道：「來，愛，我帶你走。」 聲音來自「年老」。愛太高興了，甚至忘了問他們即將去何方。當他們來到岸上，年老自己離開了。愛突然意識到「年老」給了它多大的幫助。
於是，愛問另一位老者--知識：「誰幫助了我？」
「時間？」愛問：「但是時間為什麼幫助我？」
知識睿智地微笑道：「因為只有時間了解愛的價值。」
9.Had a wonderful time in life when Elderly and young people have different views! The elderly: In the student to have good health, success is very important, and friends can play happy! Young people: for the future to mature, and their to do things their own! scientific and technological progress, work and household chores can be done by robots! good living conditions for people to live longer!
生活中的快樂時光是什麼時候老年人和年輕人有著不同的看法! 老年人:在學生時代要身體健康,成績很重要,可以和朋友快樂的玩耍! 年輕人: 對於未來要成熟,自己的事自己做!科技進步,工作和家務可以由機器人去做!好的生活條件讓人長壽!
10.Happiness means different things to different people. For example, some people believe that if they have lots of money, they will be happy. They believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not onlymoney, but also many other things which can't be bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy. For me, happiness is closely tied to my studies, my work and my family. When I made great progress in my studies, when I made contributions to the society through my work, when all the members in my family live in harmony, sharing good and sad times, I was happy. Although the definition of happiness depends on each indivial my "wealth" of happiness is in my studies, my work, and my family.
幸福,不同的人有不同的理解。舉例來說,有些人認為,如果他們有很多的錢,他們會很高興的。他們認為,如果他們是富有的,他們可以做任何他們想要的東西,這意味著幸福。另一方面,有些人認為舉辦一個很高的位置在政府的幸福。用這種方法,你沒有onlymoney,還有許多其他事情而無法用錢買來的。然而,另一些人認為,有很多的錢是不快樂也持有一個很高的位置在政府。這些人的價值,他們的信仰,或者他們的智力或身體健康。他們認為這可以讓他們快樂。對我來說,幸福是密不可分的,我對我的研究工作,我的家人。當我取得了巨大的進步,當我的貢獻社會,當所有的成員在我的家人住在和諧、共享好,也有不開心的時候,我很高興。盡管「幸福」的定義取決於個別我的「財富」的幸福是在我的學習,我的工作,我的家人。
（裡面過長的你就自己刪點，反正也有翻譯咯能看懂勒哈）
㈦ 西方古典音樂史英文介紹
現在所提的西方音樂實際上是從十六世紀末開始,尤其是十七世紀到十八世紀,這一期間,音樂史上稱為巴洛克時期.
㈧ 一篇關於"古典音樂和流行音樂"的相同與不同的英語作文
.What instruments are played?
When is the music played?
Who writes the songs?
What are the songs about?
Music is an important part of the Chinese people』 life.
Traditional Chinese music is played with traditional instruments such as the pipa, erhu, suona, guzheng, huqin, etc. The songs are mainly about love, life and news. Some songs tell us legends long long ago. And they are often handed down from generation to generation. In the past, the best chance to hear it was ring a festival or at a wedding.
Modern Chinese music, on the other hand, is played with drums, guitars and keyboard. Some songs also use traditional instruments as well. The young musicians and stars write new songs and people can enjoy them all the time over the radio, on TV or even in the street.
One thing that hasn』t changed very much is that they both are about love and life. Whether they change or not, our love for music and life never changes.
㈨ 西方音樂的英語作文
History
[edit] Before 1800
The first studies of Western musical history date back to the middle of the 18th century. G.B. Martini published a three volume history titled Storia della musica (History of Music) between 1757 and 1781. Martin Gerbert published a two volume history of sacred music titled De cantu de musica sacra in 1774. Gerbert followed this work with a three volume work Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra containing significant writings on sacred music from the third century AD onwards in 1784.
[edit] 1800-1950
In the twentieth century, the work of Johannes Wolf and others developed studies in Medieval music and early Renaissance music. Wolf's writings on the history of musical notation are considered to be particularly notable by musicologists. Historical musicology has played a critical role in renewed interest in Baroque music as well as medieval and Renaissance music. In particular, the authentic performance movement owes much to historical musicological scholarship. Towards the middle of the twentieth century, musicology (and its largest subfield of historical musicology) expanded significantly as a field of study. Concurrently the number of musicological and music journals increased to create further outlets for the publication of research. The domination of German language scholarship ebbed as significant journals sprang up throughout the West, especially America.
According to Richard Middleton, the strongest criticism of (historical) musicology has been that it by and large ignores popular music. Though musicological study of popular music has vastly increased in quantity recently, Middleton's assertion in 1990-- that most major "works of musicology, theoretical or historical, act as though popular music did not exist" -- holds true.Academic and conservatory training typically only peripherally addresses this broad spectrum of musics, and many (historical) musicologists who are "both contemptuous and condescending are looking for types of proction, musical form, and listening which they associate with a different kind of music...'classical music'...and they generally find popular music lacking"He cites three main aspects of this problem (p.104-6). The terminology of historical musicology is "slanted by the needs and history of a particular music ('classical music')." He acknowledges that "there is a rich vocabulary for certain areas [harmony, tonality, certain part-writing and forms], important in musicology's typical corpus";
㈩ 誰能告訴我一些有關於西方古典音樂家的英文介紹啊~~
1.Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (March 4, 1678, Venice – July 28, 1741, Vienna), nicknamed Il Prete Rosso ("The Red Priest"), was an Italian priest and baroque music composer
Biography
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born on March 4, 1678 in Venice, Italy. He was baptized immediately at his home by the midwife e to danger of death. It is not determined what that means, but it probably referred to the infant's poor health or an earthquake that shook the city that day. Vivaldi's official church baptism did not take place until two months later. His father, Giovanni Battista, a barber before becoming a professional violinist, taught him to play violin at first and then toured Venice playing violin with his son. Vivaldi had a medical problem which he called the tightening of the chest (probably some form of asthma). His medical problem, however, did not prevent him from learning to play the violin, composing and taking part in the prescribed musical activities. At the age of 15 (1693), he began studying to become a priest. In 1703, at the age of 25, Vivaldi was ordained as a priest, soon nicknamed Il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest," probably because of his red hair.
Not long after, in 1704, he was given a dispensation from celebrating the Holy Mass because of his ill health. In late 1706 he withdrew from the priesthood and became maestro di violino at an orphanage for girls called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà in Venice. Shortly after his appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem abroad, too; Vivaldi wrote for them most of his concertos, cantatas, and sacred music. In 1705, the first collection (raccolta) of his works was published. Many others would follow. At the orphanage he covered several different ties, only interrupting them for his many travels. In 1709, he was let go for economic reasons but in 1711, he was offered the job again and in 1713, became responsible for the musical activity of the institute.
Vivaldi was promoted to maestro de' concerti in 1716. It was ring these years that Vivaldi wrote much of his music, including many operas and concertos. In 1718, Vivaldi began to travel. Despite his frequent travels, the Pietà paid him to write two concertos a month for the orchestra and to rehearse with them at least four times when in Venice. The Pietà's records show that he was paid for 140 concertos between 1723 and 1729.
Most of his repertoire was rediscovered only in the first half of the 20th century in Turin and Genoa and was published in the second half. Vivaldi's music is innovative, breaking a consolidated tradition in schemes; he gave brightness to the formal and the rhythmic structure of the concerto, repeatedly looking for harmonic contrasts and invented innovative melodies and themes. Moreover, Vivaldi was able to compose non-academic music, particularly meant to be appreciated by the wide public and not only by an intellectual minority. The joyful appearance of his music reveals in this regard a transmissible joy of composing. These are among the causes of the vast popularity of his music. This popularity soon made him famous also in countries like France which was, at the time, very independent in its musical taste.
Vivaldi is considered one of the composers who brought Baroque Music (with its typical contrast among heavy sonorities) to evolve into a classical style. Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in his Passions and cantatas). Bach transcribed a number of Vivaldi's concertos for solo keyboard, along with a number for orchestra, including the famous Concerto for Four Violins and Violoncello, Strings and Continuo (RV 580). However, not all musicians have shown the same enthusiasm: Igor Stravinsky provocatively said that Vivaldi had not written hundreds of concertos but one concerto hundreds of times. Despite his priestly status, he is supposed to have had possible love affairs, one of which was with the singer Anna Giraud. With Anna, he was suspected of reusing materials from old Venetian operas, which he only slightly adapted to the vocal capabilities of his protegée. This business caused him some troubles with other musicians, like Benedetto Marcello, who wrote a pamphlet against him. There is no concrete evidence, however, that links Vivaldi romantically to anyone.
Vivaldi's life, like those of many composers of the time, ended in poverty. His compositions no longer held the high esteem they once did in Venice; changing musical tastes quickly made them outmoded, and Vivaldi, in response, chose to sell off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance a migration to Vienna. Reasons for Vivaldi's departure from Venice are unclear, but it seems likely that he wished to meet Charles VI who adored his compositions (Vivaldi dedicated La Cetra to Charles in 1727), and take up the position of royal composer in the emperor's Imperial Court. However, shortly after Vivaldi's arrival at Vienna, Charles died. This tragic stroke of bad luck left the composer without royal protection and a source of income. Vivaldi had to sell off more manuscripts to make ends meet and eventually died not long after, in 1741. He was given an unmarked pauper's grave (the assumption that the young Joseph Haydn sang in the choir at Vivaldi's burial was based on the mistranscription of a primary source and has been proven wrong). Equally unfortunate, his music was to fall into obscurity until the 20th century. His burial spot is next to the Karlskirche in Vienna, at the site of the Technical Institute. The house he lived in while in Vienna was torn down. In its place now stands the Hotel Sacher. Memorial plaques have been placed at both locations, as well as a Vivaldi "star" in the Viennese Musikmeile and a monument at the Rooseveltsplatz.
Posthumous reputation
Vivaldi remained unknown for his published concerti, and largely ignored, even after the resurgence of interest in Bach, pioneered by Mendelssohn. The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th century is mostly thanks to the efforts of Alfredo Casella, who in 1939, organised the now historic Vivaldi Week, in which the rediscovered Gloria in excelsis (RV 589) was first heard again. Following World war II Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed almost universal success, and the advent of historically informed performances has all but catapulted him to stardom once again. In 1947, the Venetian businessman, Antonio Fanna, founded the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, with the composer, Gian Francesco Malipiero, as its artistic director, with the purpose of promoting Vivaldi's music and putting out new editions of his works.
Three films about Antonio Vivaldi are in proction as of 2005. One of them, with the working title Vivaldi, will be directed by Catherine Hardwicke for Emagine Entertainment, while the second could have Ashley MacIsaac in the title role. A third, made by French/Italian procers with Stefano Dionisi as Vivaldi and Michel Serrault in the main roles, is scheled for completion for 2005.
Vivaldi's music, together with Mozart's, Tchaikovsky's and Corelli's, has been included in the theories of Alfred Tomatis on the effects of music on human behaviour, and used in music therapy.
He was a prolific composer and is best known for composing:
Over 500 Concertos; approximately 350 of these are for solo instrument and strings, and of these about 230 are for violin; the others are for bassoon, cello, oboe, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, and mandolin. Approximately 40 concertos are for two instruments and strings, and approximately 30 for three or more instruments and strings.
46 operas
sinfonias
73 sonatas
chamber music (even if some sonatas for flute, as Il Pastor Fido, have been erroneously attributed to him, but were composed by Chédeville).
sacred music ("oratorio" Juditha Triumphans, written for Pietà, two Glorias, the Stabat Mater, the Nisi Dominus, the Beatus Vir, the Magnificat, the Dixit Dominus and others).
His most famous work is perhaps 1723's Le Quattro Stagioni (The Four Seasons). In essence, it resembled an early example of a tone poem, where he attempted to capture all the moods of the four seasons without the use of percussion to dramatize the effects he sought to portray.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi