英語的歷史英語作文

1. 英語作文—英語的發展歷史

The bicycle is the most useful invention,everyone likes it.Do you know the history of the bicycle?If you do not know,Let me tell you.
In the early 1790s,there was a frist bicycle in the world.It was invented by a Frenchman named Siccle.And it made from wood,it was wooden.It looks so ungly ,and not many people liked to ride it .
In the late 1830s,Macmillan,a English man made an iron bicycle.It became harder than before.Many worker began riding it to work.
In the 1880s,Punlop from Ireland improved bicycle almost the same as the bicycle that we use today.It became popular.
From the 1890s till now,it has been popular. It is the main means of transport.Now,a lot of people like it.They think it does not have pollution,and it is so helpful

2. 關於英語歷史發展的感慨的英語作文

The history of English can be traced back to around 500 BC. On the island of Great Britain (Great Britain) the earliest historical records of the language is around 500 BC, Celtic (Celtic). In 55 BC, the Romans invaded Britain, and has been occupied about 500 years, Latin into the region, and became the official language, the status of the Celtic. About A.D. 449, living in Denmark and northern Germany three Germanic tribes before the invasion of the fall of the Roman empire to the island of Great Britain. They are respectively anglos (Angles, into the central Jutland peninsula), Saxon people (Saxons, into the south Jutland peninsula) and Jutes (Jutes, invasion of northern Jutland peninsula). In language, they replaced the Celtic was use. The three Germanic tribes dialect with the social development, graally merged into a new language, namely a Anglo Saxon (Anglo - Saxon), which is then form the basis for English. To 700 AD, people on the island of Great Britain three tribe called Englisc hybrid form of language. By 1000, the country on the island called Englaland. These two words and then translated into English (English) and England or the UK (England) this is English and England history origin of the two words.

The late 8th century, Denmark's National People's Congress, invaded Britain in the North-East area, Denmark, which lasted nearly 300 years, was brought about by the Scandinavian language has a great influence on the development of English. In 1066 AD, the ke of shooting the Norman French, British, and crowned king of England, and established the Norman dynasty, until 1154. During the Norman's dynastic rule, the British, in fact, there are three kinds of language, French is the official language; Latin is religious language, used to read the bible, church, religious activities; English is the underclass in secular language workers. French special status in Britain until the 14th century, courts, schools, court in 1362, 1385, 1399 to stop the use of French. A bible written in English in 1382, ended the Latin religious language status. At this time English became Britain's national language. So English retains a lot of French words (such as age, air, brush, cry, bourgeoisie) and Latin vocabulary (angel, based, moke, Pope).

In \"the Renaissance\" period (in the 14th century - 16th century), because the people of ancient Greek and Roman culture showed a great interest in study, English and absorbed a large number of ancient society and the European continent culture essence, a huge increase in vocabulary. For example, from the Greek geometry, event, botany; French communists, alloy, surpass; Spanish banana, cocoa, mosquito; Italian violin, piazza.

Rise in the 18th century, Britain's instrial revolution, the colonial scramble to make English along with the development of the empire in the world. Therefore, in and around to absorb a large number of new words. Such as the African zebra, chim - pazee; Cashmere from India, shampoo; From the Chinese tea, litchi; The kangaroo from Australia, boomerang; From the west Indies cannibal, canoe. Due to the development of the British colony and to a large number of overseas immigrants, also from its native English spread to foreign countries (such as BBC English radio station).

Currently outside The UK, speak English as their first language (or mother tongue, Native language) with Ireland (Ireland), The United States (America), Australia (Australia), New Zealand (New Zealand), Guyana (Guyana), Bahamas (The last), Barbados (Barbados), Bermuda (Bermuda), Jamaica (Jamaica), Saint kitts and Nevis (Saint Christopher and Nevis), Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago), (Canada) most people speak English in Canada; Speak English as the official language of countries have Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe, South Africa, Singapore, India, the Philippines and other countries; As a second language with Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland and other countries. English graally become a world language, has replaced the French diplomatic status, become today the world's political, economic, science and culture is the most important language. Although english-speaking countries have several listed above, but we still recommend to find a foreign teacher is given priority to with the United States, Canada, UK.

English is also there are regional differences. In Britain, because the original by the Jutland peninsula came to the island of Great Britain anglos Saxon people, jutes settled in different locations, which makes English appears regional differences in the initial period of development. Along with the development of the instry and the city, not only become one of the country's largest city of London, but also absorbed the domestic all area residents, various kinds of tongues mutual confluence, to Oxford and Cambridge as the center of the national culture in the London region becomes the standard variety of British, the language used by radio and television to spread across the country and abroad, the domestic and overseas English language graally unified.

2. The history of English: English spread and development

Outside the UK, through immigration and political role, such as widening the range of English. At the same time, because of the space distance with local and accept to the objective reasons of English foreign dialect, mainly has the American English, Australian English, South African and Indian English, etc. American English is English the most widely used outside the UK, which is the most important English dialect. In general speaking, American English is the most popular in China at present.

In the 17th century, the British immigrants began in North America colonial activities (now the east coast of the United States). Later, with the increased number of immigrants, in coastal has established the 13 colonies. After independence, the 13 colonies established the United States, and become the original 13 states. Them out of the subordinate relations with Britain, so the immigrants of English became the language of the United States.

Due to the United States and Britain have middle Atlantic apart, affected by the exchange of personnel on both sides, language communication, English graally proce differences between the two places. American English dialect main points of New England, the mid-atlantic and the south three. New England dialect area as the center of the northeast in Massachusetts. The residents there are the English immigrants, two-thirds of the puritans from amway east Asia, a few come from the north of England, is the pure English in England. The mid-atlantic dialect area centered on Pennsylvania, early on the migration from the north of England, then mostly immigrants from Ireland, Scotland, in addition to the settled in Pennsylvania, but New Jersey and Delaware. Then enter the immigration and Dutch, German, Swedish.

The south dialect area in Virginia for the earliest core area. Immigration from England, about half of them are from southwest England. Later, as the United States across the Appalachian mountains to the west development, advances three dialects areas vary. New England dialect in addition to the around the great lakes south bank, also appeared to Seattle, San Francisco and Salt Lake City as the center of the island in three languages. The mid-atlantic dialect into Ohio, west to the south, the north border, became the biggest dialect area.

3. 英語發展史（用英語介紹）

盧恩語(Futhark)→古英語(即盎格魯-撒克遜語)(Old English、Anglo-Saxon)→英國英語(English)

1.英語的發展要追溯到公元410年，羅馬人離開不列顛之後，日耳曼部族包括盎格魯、薩克遜開始湧入。

2.羅馬人走了，沒有留下他們使用的拉丁語。反倒是實用的盎格魯薩克遜語言進入到當地人的語言，帶去了新的詞彙。

3.公元597年，基督教傳入英國。基督教的流行，使當地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字，如「martyr（烈士）」, 「bishop」和 「font」。

4.公元800年，丹麥人入侵英國。維京語言給英語帶來了好戰意味明顯的詞彙，英語中共有2000個詞彙源於維京人。

5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列顛，帶來了來自海峽對岸的法語。法語成為了上層階級與官方事務用語。總的來講，英文大概從諾曼語中吸收了一萬多個單詞。

6.1337 年，英法百年戰爭開始。在這116年的爭斗中，英語吸收了法語中的戰爭詞彙，如「armies」, 「navies」 及 「soldiers「， 並逐步取代法語，成為當權者的語言。

7.100年之後誕生了莎士比亞。字典告訴我們，莎士比亞大概發明了2000多個新字，包括好用的詞彙還有很多當時的流行詞彙。

8.1611年出現了詹姆士王版聖經。新聖經使用了所有人都能理解的語言，使得聖經中的教訓不再是「王宮粉牆上」的文字，而是手中的小冊，並有傳教士在每間教堂宣傳。

9.17世紀，科學得到了迅速的發展。皇家學院的科學家們一開始用拉丁文溝通，後來發現其實用自己的母語英文會更簡潔。新事物的發現產生了許多新的詞彙。

10.在日不落帝國迅速擴張時期，英語從殖民地不同的語言中吸收了許多新的詞彙與表達。據統計，在1815年到1914年期間，新變種的英文得以在世界各地發展。

11.隨著英文向四面八方擴張，詞典編纂者也隨之出現，這些人想要解決拼字不統一的無政府狀態。於是約翰遜博士花了九年編成了一本英文字典，促成了拼寫的統一。

12.英語由古代從丹麥等斯堪的納維亞半島以及德國、荷蘭及周邊移民至不列顛群島的盎格魯、撒克遜以及朱特部落的白人所說的語言演變而來，並通過英國的殖民活動傳播到了世界各地。

13.在19至20世紀，英國以及美國在文化、經濟、軍事、政治和科學在世界上的領先地位使得英語成為一種國際語言。如今，許多國際場合都使用英語做為溝通媒介。

(3)英語的歷史英語作文擴展閱讀

古英語受低地日耳曼語影響很大，比如動詞，基本詞彙，發音，復合詞結構，形態變化很復雜，但是與現代的標准德語還是有很大的區別。

現代英語並非起源或演變自羅曼語族亦或是法語，但是數萬現代英語詞彙，很大一部分來自法語，約5萬英語詞彙與法語接近甚至是完全相同，現代英語和多數現代歐洲語言都改用字母拼寫。

現代英語所使用的拼寫字母，也是完全借用了26個字母。所謂「英語字母」，就是古羅馬人在書寫時所使用的拼寫字母。

英語開始以拉丁字母作為拼寫系統大約是在公元六世紀盎格魯撒克遜時代。

參考資料

英語-網路

4. 英語的歷史 英文版

Old English, until 1066
Immigrants from Denmark and NW Germany arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D., speaking in related dialects belonging to the Germanic and Teutonic branches of the Indo-European language family. Today, English is most closely related to Flemish, Dutch, and German, and is somewhat related to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish. Icelandic, unchanged for 1,000 years, is very close to Old English. Viking invasions, begun in the 8th Century, gave English a Norwegian and Danish influence which lasted until the Norman Conquest of 1066.

Old English Words

The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area in contemporary Germany. Their name "Angli" from the Latin and commonly-spoken, pre-5th Century German mutated into the Old English "Engle". Later, "Engle" changed to "Angel-cyn" meaning "Angle-race" by A.D. 1000, changing to "Engla-land". Some Old English words which have survived intact include: feet, geese, teeth, men, women, lice, and mice. The modern word "like" can be a noun, adjective, verb, and preposition. In Old English, though, the word was different for each type: gelica as a noun, geic as an adjective, lician as a verb, and gelice as a preposition.

Middle English, from 1066 until the 15th Century

The Norman Invasion and Conquest of Britain in 1066 and the resulting French Court of William the Conqueror gave the Norwegian-Dutch influenced English a Norman-Parisian-French effect. From 1066 until about 1400, Latin, French, and English were spoken. English almost disappeared entirely into obscurity ring this period by the French and Latin dominated court and government. However, in 1362, the Parliament opened with English as the language of choice, and the language was saved from extinction. Present-day English is approximately 50% Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and 50% Romance (French and Latin).

Middle English Words

Many new words added to Middle English ring this period came from Norman French, Parisian French, and Scandinavian. Norman French words imported into Middle English include: catch, wage, warden, reward, and warrant. Parisian French gave Middle English: chase, guarantee, regard, guardian, and gage. Scandinavian gave to Middle English the important word of law. English nobility had titles which were derived from both Middle English and French. French provided: prince, ke, peer, marquis, viscount, and baron. Middle English independently developed king, queen, lord, lady, and earl. Governmental administrative divisions from French include county, city, village, justice, palace, mansion, and residence. Middle English words include town, home, house, and hall.

Early Modern English, from the 15th Century to the 17th Century

During this period, English became more organized and began to resemble the modern version of English. Although the word order and sentence construction was still slightly different, Early Modern English was at least recognizable to the Early Modern English speaker. For example, the Old English "To us pleases sailing" became "We like sailing." Classical elements, from Greek and Latin, profoundly influenced work creation and origin. From Greek, Early Modern English received grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. Also, the "tele-" prefix meaning "far" later used to develop telephone and television was taken.

Modern English, from the 17th Century to Modern Times

Modern English developed through the efforts of literary and political writings, where literacy was uniformly found. Modern English was heavily influenced by classical usage, the emergence of the university-ecated class, Shakespeare, the common language found in the East Midlands.

5. 英語的發展史

盧恩語(Futhark)→古英語(即盎格魯-撒克遜語)(Old English、Anglo-Saxon)→英國英語(English)

1.英語的發展要追溯到公元410年，羅馬人離開不列顛之後，日耳曼部族包括盎格魯、薩克遜開始湧入。

2.羅馬人走了，沒有留下他們使用的拉丁語。反倒是實用的盎格魯薩克遜語言進入到當地人的語言，帶去了新的詞彙。

3.公元597年，基督教傳入英國。基督教的流行，使當地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字，如「martyr（烈士）」, 「bishop」和 「font」。

4.公元800年，丹麥人入侵英國。維京語言給英語帶來了好戰意味明顯的詞彙，英語中共有2000個詞彙源於維京人。

5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列顛，帶來了來自海峽對岸的法語。法語成為了上層階級與官方事務用語。總的來講，英文大概從諾曼語中吸收了一萬多個單詞。

6.1337 年，英法百年戰爭開始。在這116年的爭斗中，英語吸收了法語中的戰爭詞彙，如「armies」, 「navies」 及 「soldiers「， 並逐步取代法語，成為當權者的語言。

7.100年之後誕生了莎士比亞。字典告訴我們，莎士比亞大概發明了2000多個新字，包括好用的詞彙還有很多當時的流行詞彙。

8.1611年出現了詹姆士王版聖經。新聖經使用了所有人都能理解的語言，使得聖經中的教訓不再是「王宮粉牆上」的文字，而是手中的小冊，並有傳教士在每間教堂宣傳。

9.17世紀，科學得到了迅速的發展。皇家學院的科學家們一開始用拉丁文溝通，後來發現其實用自己的母語英文會更簡潔。新事物的發現產生了許多新的詞彙。

10.在日不落帝國迅速擴張時期，英語從殖民地不同的語言中吸收了許多新的詞彙與表達。據統計，在1815年到1914年期間，新變種的英文得以在世界各地發展。

11.隨著英文向四面八方擴張，詞典編纂者也隨之出現，這些人想要解決拼字不統一的無政府狀態。於是約翰遜博士花了九年編成了一本英文字典，促成了拼寫的統一。

12.英語由古代從丹麥等斯堪的納維亞半島以及德國、荷蘭及周邊移民至不列顛群島的盎格魯、撒克遜以及朱特部落的白人所說的語言演變而來，並通過英國的殖民活動傳播到了世界各地。

13.在19至20世紀，英國以及美國在文化、經濟、軍事、政治和科學在世界上的領先地位使得英語成為一種國際語言。如今，許多國際場合都使用英語做為溝通媒介。

(5)英語的歷史英語作文擴展閱讀

古英語受低地日耳曼語影響很大，比如動詞，基本詞彙，發音，復合詞結構，形態變化很復雜，但是與現代的標准德語還是有很大的區別。

現代英語並非起源或演變自羅曼語族亦或是法語，但是數萬現代英語詞彙，很大一部分來自法語，約5萬英語詞彙與法語接近甚至是完全相同，現代英語和多數現代歐洲語言都改用字母拼寫。

現代英語所使用的拼寫字母，也是完全借用了26個字母。所謂「英語字母」，就是古羅馬人在書寫時所使用的拼寫字母。

英語開始以拉丁字母作為拼寫系統大約是在公元六世紀盎格魯撒克遜時代。

參考資料

英語-網路

6. 用英語介紹中國歷史

History of China

The recorded history of China began in the 15th century BC when the Shang Dynasty started to use markings that evolved into the present Chinese characters. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty have been carbon dated to as early as 1500 BC.[1] Chinese civilization originated with city-states in the Yellow River (Huang He) valley. 221 BC is commonly accepted to be the year in which China became unified under a large kingdom or empire. In that year, Qin Shi Huang first united China. Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to control increasingly larger territory that reached maximum under the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchurian Qing Dynasty.

The conventional view of Chinese history is that of a country alternating between periods of political unity and disunity and occasionally becoming dominated by foreign peoples, most of whom were assimilated into the Han Chinese population. Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia, carried by successive waves of immigration, expansion, and assimilation, merged to create the Chinese culture.

Xia Dynasty
The historian Sima Qian (145 BC-90 BC) and the account in Chinese the Bamboo Annals date the founding of the Xia Dynasty to 4,200 years ago, but this date has not been corroborated. The Shang and Zhou people had existed within the Xia Dynasty since the beginning of Xia. They were Xia』s loyal vassals. The exact time of the Xia Dynasty is hard to define, but mainly focused on two options, either 431 years or 471 years.

Shang Dynasty

Remnants of advanced, stratified societies dating back to the Shang found in the Yellow River Valley.The earliest discovered written record of China's past dates from the Shang Dynasty in perhaps the 13th century BC, and takes the form of inscriptions of divination records on the bones or shells of animals—the so-called oracle bones. Archaeological findings providing evidence for the existence of the Shang Dynasty, c 1600–1046 BC is divided into two sets. The first set, from the earlier Shang period (c 1600–1300 BC) comes from sources at Erligang, Zhengzhou and Shangcheng. The second set, from the later Shang or Yin (殷) period, consists of a large body of oracle bone writings. Anyang in modern day Henan has been confirmed as the last of the nine capitals of the Shang (c 1300–1046 BC). The Shang Dynasty featured 31 kings, from Tang of Shang to King Zhou of Shang; it was the longest dynasty in Chinese history.

Zhou Dynasty

Bronze ritual vessel, Western Zhou DynastyMain article: Zhou Dynasty
By the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the Zhou Dynasty began to emerge in the Yellow River valley, overrunning the Shang. The Zhou appeared to have begun their rule under a semi-feudal system. The Zhou were a people who lived west of Shang, and the Zhou leader had been appointed "Western Protector" by the Shang. The ruler of the Zhou, King Wu, with the assistance of his brother, the Duke of Zhou, as regent managed to defeat the Shang at the Battle of Muye. The king of Zhou at this time invoked the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize his rule, a concept that would be influential for almost every successive dynasty. The Zhou initially moved their capital west to an area near modern Xi'an, near the Yellow River, but they would preside over a series of expansions into the Yangtze River valley. This would be the first of many population migrations from north to south in Chinese history.

Spring and Autumn Period

Chinese pu vessel with interlaced dragon design, Spring and Autumn Period.In the 8th century BC, power became decentralized ring the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋時代), named after the influential Spring and Autumn Annals. In this period, local military leaders used by the Zhou began to assert their power and vie for hegemony. The situation was aggravated by the invasion of other peoples from the northwest, such as the Qin, forcing the Zhou to move their capital east to Luoyang. This marks the second large phase of the Zhou dynasty: the Eastern Zhou. In each of the hundreds of states that eventually arose, local strongmen held most of the political power and continued their subservience to the Zhou kings in name only. Local leaders for instance started using royal titles for themselves. The Hundred Schools of Thought (諸子百家，諸子百家) of Chinese philosophy blossomed ring this period, and such influential intellectual movements as Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Legalism (法家) and Mohism (墨家) were founded, partly in response to the changing political world. The Spring and Autumn Period is marked by a falling apart of the central Zhou power. China now consists of hundreds of states, some only as large as a village with a fort.

Warring States Period
Main article: Warring States Period
After further political consolidation, seven prominent states remained by the end of 5th century BC, and the years in which these few states battled each other are known as the Warring States Period. Though there remained a nominal Zhou king until 256 BC, he was largely a figurehead and held little real power. As neighboring territories of these warring states, including areas of modern Sichuan and Liaoning, were annexed, they were governed under the new local administrative system of commandery and prefecture (郡縣，郡縣). This system had been in use since the Spring and Autumn Period and parts can still be seen in the modern system of Sheng & Xian (province and county, 省縣，省縣). The final expansion in this period began ring the reign of Ying Zheng (嬴政), the king of Qin. His unification of the other six powers, and further annexations in the modern regions of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi in 214 BC enabled him to proclaim himself the First Emperor (Qin Shi Huangdi, 秦始皇帝).

Qin Dynasty

The Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang.Main article: Qin Dynasty
Historians often refer to the period from Qin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty as Imperial China. Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only 12 years, he managed to sube great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang (咸陽，咸陽) (close to modern Xi'an). The doctrine of legalism that guided the Qin emphasized strict adherence to a legal code and the absolute power of the emperor. This philosophy of Legalism, while effective for expanding the empire in a military fashion, proved unworkable for governing it in peace time. The Qin presided over the brutal silencing of political opposition, including the event known as the burning and burying of scholars. This would be the impetus behind the later Han Synthesis incorporating the more moderate schools of political governance.

Han Dynasty
(206 BC-220 AD)

A Han Dynasty incense burner with a sliding shutter.The Han Dynasty emerged in 206 BC. It was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism, which became the ideological underpinning of all regimes until the end of imperial China. Under the Han Dynasty, China made great advances in many areas of the arts and sciences. Emperor Wu (Han Wudi 漢武帝，漢武帝) consolidated and extended the Chinese empire by pushing back the Xiongnu (sometimes identified with the Huns) into the steppes of modern Inner Mongolia, wresting from them the modern areas of Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. This enabled the first opening of trading connections between China and the West, the Silk Road.

Nevertheless, land acquisitions by elite families graally drained the tax base. In AD 9, the usurper Wang Mang (王莽) founded the short-lived Xin ("New") Dynasty (新朝) and started an extensive program of land and other economic reforms. These programs, however, were never supported by the land-holding families, for they favored the peasants. The instability brought about chaos and uprisings.

Emperor Guangwu (光武帝) reinstated the Han Dynasty with the support of land-holding and merchant families at Luoyang, east of Xi'an. This new era would be termed the Eastern Han Dynasty. Han power declined again amidst land acquisitions, invasions, and feuding between consort clans and eunuchs. The Yellow Turban Rebellion (黃巾之亂，黃巾之亂) broke out in 184, ushering in an era of warlords. In the ensuing turmoil, three states tried to gain predominance in the Period of the Three Kingdoms. This time period has been greatly romanticized in works such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Jin Dynasty (265–420)
Though the three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 278 by the Jin Dynasty, the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang. In 303 the Di people rebelled and later captured Cheng, establishing the state of Cheng Han. Under Liu Yuan the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County and established the state of Han Zhao. His successor Liu Cong captured and executed the last two Western Jin emperors. Sixteen kingdoms were a plethora of short-lived non-Chinese dynasties that came to rule the whole or parts of northern China in the 4th and 5th centuries. Many ethnic groups were involved, including ancestors of the Turks, Mongolians, and Tibetans. Most of these nomadic peoples had to some extent been "Sinicized" long before their ascent to power. In fact, some of them, notably the Ch'iang and the Xiong-nu, had already been allowed to live in the frontier regions within the Great Wall since late Han times.

Southern and Northern Dynasties

A limestone statue of the Bodhisattva, from the Northern Qi Dynasty, 570 AD, made in what is now modern Henan province.Main article: Southern and Northern Dynasties
Signaled by the collapse of East Jin (東晉，東晉) Dynasty in 420, China entered the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Han people managed to survive the military attacks from the nomadic tribes of the north, such as the Xian Bei (鮮卑), and their civilization continued to thrive.

In Southern China, fierce debates about whether Buddhism should be allowed to exist were held frequently by the royal court and nobles. Finally, near the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties era, both Buddhist and Taoist followers compromised and became more tolerant of each other.

In 589, Sui (隋) annexed the last Southern Dynasty, Chen (陳，陳), through military force, and put an end to the era of Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty (隋朝), which managed to reunite the country in 589 after nearly four centuries of political fragmentation, played a role more important than its length of existence would suggest. The Sui brought China together again and set up many institutions that were to be adopted by their successors, the Tang. Like the Qin, however, the Sui overused their resources and collapsed. Also similar to the Qin, traditional history has judged the Sui somewhat unfairly. As it has stressed the harshness of the Sui regime and the arrogance of its second emperor, giving little credit for the Dynasty's many positive achievements.

Tang Dynasty

A Chinese Tang Dynasty tri-colored glaze porcelain horse (ca. 700 AD).Main article: Tang Dynasty
On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and innovations in arts and technology. Buddhism, which had graally been established in China from the first century, became the predominant religion and was adopted by the imperial family and many of the common people.

Chang'an (長安，長安) (modern Xi'an西安), the national capital, is thought to have been the world's largest city at the time. The Tang and the Han are often referred to as the most prosperous periods of Chinese history.

The Tang, like the Han, kept the trade routes open to the west and south and there was extensive trade with distant foreign countries and many foreign merchants settled in China.

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Main article: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
The period of political disunity between the Tang and the Song, known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (五代十國), lasted little more than half a century, from 907 to 960. During this brief era, when China was in all respects a multi-state system, five regimes succeeded one another rapidly in control of the old Imperial heartland in northern China. During this same time, 10 more stable regimes occupied sections of southern and western China, so the period is also referred to as that of the Ten Kingdoms (十國).

Song Dynasty and Liao, Jin, Western Xia

Homeward Oxherds in Wind and Rain, by Li Di, 12th centuryMain articles: Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, Western Xia, and Jin Dynasty, 1115-1234
In 960, the Song Dynasty (960-1279) (宋朝) gained power over most of China and established its capital in Kaifeng (汴京/開封，開封), starting a period of economic prosperity, while the Khitan Liao Dynasty (契丹族遼國，契丹族遼國) ruled over Manchuria and eastern Mongolia. In 1115 the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) (女真族金國，女真族金國) emerged to prominence, annihilating the Liao Dynasty in 10 years. Meanwhile, in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia, there emerged a Western Xia Dynasty (西夏) from 1032 up to 1227, established by Tangut tribes.

Yuan Dynasty

Yang Guifei Mounting a Horse, by Qian Xuan (1235-1305 AD).Jurchen tribes' Jin Dynasty, whose names are also rendered "Jin" in pinyin, was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where firearms played an important role. During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols were divided between those who wanted to remain based in the steppes and those who wished to adopt the customs of the Chinese

Ming Dynasty

Court Ladies of the Former Shu, by Ming painter Tang Yin (1470-1523).Throughout a short-lived Yuan Dynasty, there was strong sentiment, among the populace, against the rule of the foreigners, which finally led to peasant revolts. The Mongolians were pushed back to the steppes and replaced by the Ming Dynasty (明朝) in 1368.

Qing Dynasty
Main article: Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族，滿族). The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchen and invaded from the north in the late seventeenth century. An estimated 25 million people died ring the Manchu conquest of Ming Dynasty (1616-1644).

7. 介紹中國歷史英語作文 作文

Beijing

If your visions of Beijing are centred around pods of Maoist revolutionaries in buttoned-down tunics performing t'ai chi in the Square, put them to rest: this city has embarked on a new-millennium roller-coaster and it's taking the rest of China with it.

The spinsterish Beijing of old is having a facelift and the cityscape is changing daily. Within the city, however, you'll still find some of China's most stunning sights: the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven Park, the Lama Temple and the Great Wall, to name just a few.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong has the big city specials like smog, odour, 14 million elbows and an insane love of clatter. But it's also efficient, hushed and peaceful: the transport network is excellent, the shopping centres are sublime, and the temples and quiet corners of parks are contemplative oases.

Hong Kong has enough towering urbanity, electric streetscapes, enigmatic temples, commercial fervour and cultural idiosyncrasies to utterly swamp the senses of a visitor, and enough spontaneous, unexpected possibilities to make a complete mockery of any attempt at a strictly organised itinerary.

Macau

Macau may be firmly back in China's orbit, but the Portuguese patina on this Sino-Lusitanian Las Vegas makes it a most unusual Asian destination. It has always been overshadowed by its glitzy near-neighbour Hong Kong - which is precisely why it's so attractive.

Macau's al cultural heritage is a boon for travellers, who can take their pick from traditional Chinese temples, a spectacular ruined cathedral, pastel villas, old forts and islands that once harboured pirates. A slew of musuems will tell you how it all came about.

Shanghai

Although the lights have been out for quite some time, Shanghai once beguiled foreigners with its sective mix of tradition and sophistication. Now Shanghai is reawakening and sting off its party shoes for another silken tango with the wider world.

In many ways, Shanghai is a Western invention. The Bund, its riverside area, and Frenchtown are the best places to see the remnants of its decadent colonial past. Move on to temples, gardens, bazaars and the striking architecture of the new Shanghai.

Xi'an

Xi'an was once a major crossroads on the trading routes from eastern China to central Asia, and vied with Rome and later Constantinople for the title of greatest city in the world. Today Xi'an is one of China's major drawcards, largely because of the Army of Terracotta Warriors on the city's eastern outskirts. Uncovered in 1974, over 10,000 figures have been sorted to date. Soldiers, archers (armed with real weapons) and chariots stand in battle formation in underground vaults looking as fierce and war-like as pottery can. Xi'an's other attractions include the old city walls, the Muslim quarter and the Banpo Neolithic Village - a tacky re-creation of the Stone Age. By train, Xi'an is a 16 hour journey from Beijing. If you've got a bit of cash to spare, you can get a flight.

② knows that China is a very big country in the world .It has a long history .there are many interesting places here.such as the Great wall .the Summer palace and so on.so every year lots of people will come here to visit .and it will hold olinpic in 2008. and it will become more and more beautiful.

8. 英語的發展史!!!!

公元1066年，割據法蘭西王國西北部的諾曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格蘭王國，成為英格蘭國王，所有的英國貴族也都換成法國人，並且和法國本土的貴族通婚。諾曼征服的三百餘年間，英格蘭王國的君主與貴族都講法語，教士們則慣用拉丁語，中古英語。1500年左右，中古英語演變成為近代英語。

公元1-5世紀大不列顛島東南部為羅馬帝國所統治。羅馬人撤走之後，歐洲北部斯堪的納維亞半島的盎格魯人、薩克遜人、朱特人相繼入侵並定居，7世紀開始形成封建制度，九世紀末，入侵者幾乎佔領了整個英國的東南部。

1066年，法國諾曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格蘭王國，在威斯敏斯特修道院登基加冕，史稱征服者威廉，所有的英國貴族也都換成法國人。諾曼征服後三百年內，英格蘭王國的君主與貴族使用法語，教士們則慣用古拉丁語，古英語淪落為平民以及農奴的語言。

因重要場合及貴族的使用，法語強烈影響古英語，古英語也因當時地位相對下賤，缺乏對文法規范的重視和約束，迅速大量丟失早期復雜的曲折變化，進而發展形成中古英語。1500年左右的母音大推移將中古英語變形為近代英語。古英語最著名的文學作品是《貝奧武夫》，中古英語則是《坎特伯里故事集》。

(8)英語的歷史英語作文擴展閱讀：

英語的地理分布：

1、英語在下列國家和地區是第一語言：英國、美國、澳大利亞、巴哈馬、愛爾蘭、巴貝多、百慕大、蓋亞那、牙買加、紐西蘭、聖克里斯多福及尼維斯和特立尼達和多巴哥。21世紀世界上把英語作為第一語言（本族語）的人口約有5億。

2、英語在下列國家和地區中是通用語言，這些國家和地區包括加拿大、多米尼克、聖路西亞和聖文森及格瑞那丁、密克羅尼西亞聯邦、愛爾蘭（連同愛爾蘭語）、賴比瑞亞（連同非洲語言）和南非。作為第二語言（即不是母語，但為所在國通用語）使用的人口約有10億。

3、英語是下列國家和地區的官方語言，但不是本地語言和通用語言：斐濟、迦納、甘比亞、印度、吉里巴斯、賴索托、肯亞、納米比亞、奈及利亞、馬爾他、馬紹爾群島、巴基斯坦、巴布亞紐幾內亞、菲律賓、索羅門群島、薩摩亞群島、獅子山、史瓦濟蘭、波札那、坦尚尼亞、尚比亞和辛巴威。

參考資料來源：網路—英語

9. 如何些關於歷史的英語作文

The bicycle is the most useful invention,everyone likes it.Do you know the history of the bicycle?If you do not know,Let me tell you.
In the early 1790s,there was a frist bicycle in the world.It was invented by a Frenchman named Siccle.And it made from wood,it was wooden.It looks so ungly ,and not many people liked to ride it .
In the late 1830s,Macmillan,a English man made an iron bicycle.It became harder than before.Many worker began riding it to work.
In the 1880s,Punlop from Ireland improved bicycle almost the same as the bicycle that we use today.It became popular.
From the 1890s till now,it has been popular. It is the main means of transport.Now,a lot of people like it.They think it does not have pollution,and it is so helpful
麻煩給個好評哈，只是舉手之勞而已。