⑴ 英語作文常用單詞有哪些
what's more並且。。
First . second ..third ..last 第1 第2 第3 最後..
For one thing.. for another...一方面 另一方面
Even though甚至
in fact實際上
in a word總之內
In my view在我看來
as we know
眾所周知容
I hope that ....我希望...
It is + adj + for sb to do sth
⑵ 初中英語作文常用單詞,短句有哪些。 詳細。
be important to sb. 對某人重要
electrical appliance 電器
electric kettle 電水壺
public transport 公共交通
as well 也
link up sth with sth 把……和……連接起來
run through 穿過
be made of 用……製成
it is good to do sth 這樣做某事很好
Ø The wind is blowing
be friendly to sb. 對……友好
have a competition 進行一次競賽
make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事
finish doing sth. 結束做某事
show sth. to sb. 展示某物給某人
at the right time 在合適的時間
Ø Water festival
How are you getting on with… 你……進展如何
be prepared for 為……作準備
tell sb. to do sth 告訴某人做某事
not only … but also 不僅……還……
three forms of water 水的三種形式
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
for a while 一段時間
be suitable for 適合於
Time』s up 時間用完了
beware of 小心
allow sb. to do sth.
allow doing sth
be allowed to do sth (被動語態)
know about 知道,了解
in the world 在世界上
class teacher 班主任
the first prize 一等獎
the first place 第一名
on ones way to sp. 在某人……的路上
take part in 參加
in the street 在街上
turn back 回轉身來
hurry to sp. 慌忙去某地
friendship store 友誼商店
science fiction film 科幻電影
go to the movies 去看電影
laugh at 嘲笑
stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事
in the end 最後
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
talk about sth. 談論某事
how do you like=what do you think of 你認為如何
what about ……怎麼樣
I think so, too 我也這么認為
begin doing sth. 開始做某事
talk with sb. 與某人談論
say to sb. 與某人說話
just now 剛才
with a smile 面帶微笑
both……and…… 兩者都
at the end of 最後
buy sth. for sb.=buy sb.sth. 買……給……
make great progress 取得進步
manage to do sth. 盡力做某事
ring the summer holidays 暑假期間
get angry 生氣
what is wrong with you=what is the matter 你怎麼了
stay at home 呆在家裡
by the way 順便問一下
between……and…… 在……和……之間
there goes the bell 鈴響了
be born 出生
be interested in 對……感興趣
of ones own 屬於某人自己的
have to 不得不
test tube 試管
electric light 電燈
last year 去年
each other/one another 互相(兩者之間)/互相(兩者以上)
not only……but also…… 不但……而且……
be good at 擅長於
catch ones eye 引起某人的注意
pick up 拾起
to ones great joy 讓某人大為高興的是
cross talk 相聲
pop song 流行歌曲
Young Pioneer 少先隊員
look up 向上看
stand up 站起來
over and over 再三
⑶ 英文論文一些常用的詞彙和句型
引用數據(圖表、表格):
常用的動詞:show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …
as從句:As shown in…/As can be seen in…/As revealed by…
引用/簡述他人的研究/觀點:
XXX + Verb. + n./that…其中Verb可以為:state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend
其它:Based on…/In the view of…/According to…
表達可能性:
It is certain that …
It is almost certain that …
It is very probable/ highly likely that …
It is probable/likely that …
It is possible that …
It is unlikely that …
It is very/highly unlikely that …
用於表達可能性的另一種途徑:
There is a definite possibility that …
There is a strong possibility that …
There is a good possibility that …
There is a slight possibility that …
There is little possibility that …
⑷ 給我高中英語作文常用單詞彙總。
高考英語作文常用詞彙整理
1.不可否認It is undeniablethat./There is no denying that.
2.採取措施 take effectivemeasures to do sth./something effective must be done to. 3.充分利用 make full use of/take advantage of
4.大有裨益 do good to/be beneficial to 5.導致引起 lead to/give rise to/contribute to
6.對„„有害 do harm to/be harmful to 7.奉獻社會 make contributions to society 8.毫無疑問 Undoubtedly/There ia no doubt that
9.交流思想 exchange ideas/emotions/information 10.交流情感 exchange emotions 11.解壓減負 relieve stress/burden 12.經濟負擔 financial burden
13.開闊眼界 widen one's horizen/broaden one's vision
14.課業負擔 too much homework/heavy burden of homework
15.普遍認為 It is commonly believed /recognized that
16.恰恰相反 in contrast/on the contrary 17.熱烈討論 have a heated discussion/debate
18.投身於 be devoted to 19.心理負擔 psychologicalburden
20.揚長避短 adopt one's good pionts and avoid the shortcomings
21.引起關注 draw public attention 22.與某相比 compared with/in comparison with
23.與時俱進 keep pace with times 24.自然資源 valuable natural resources 25.綜合素質 comprehensivequality 26.遵守秩序 observe public order/observe discipline
27.把時間精力放在„„上 focus one's time and energy on
28.不可推卸的義務 unshakablety 29.產生有利影響 have positive effects on 30.產生不利影響 have negative effects on 31.持不同態度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
32.考慮到多方面因素 take many factors into account/consideration
33.擴大知識面 expand one's scope of knowledge
34.切實減輕我們的課業負擔 effectively rece our heavy homework assignments 35.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally
36.我們生活的各方面 in all aspects of human life
37.網際網路方便快捷 It's convenientand efficientto use computer and the Internet.
⑸ 初中英語作文常用詞彙及句子和單詞
be important to sb. 對某人重要
electrical appliance 電器
electric kettle 電水壺
public transport 公共交通
as well 也
link up sth with sth 把……和……連接起來
run through 穿過
be made of 用……製成
it is good to do sth 這樣做某事很好
Ø The wind is blowing
be friendly to sb. 對……友好
have a competition 進行一次競賽
make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事
finish doing sth. 結束做某事
show sth. to sb. 展示某物給某人
at the right time 在合適的時間
Ø Water festival
How are you getting on with… 你……進展如何
be prepared for 為……作準備
tell sb. to do sth 告訴某人做某事
not only … but also 不僅……還……
three forms of water 水的三種形式
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
for a while 一段時間
be suitable for 適合於
Time』s up 時間用完了
beware of 小心
allow sb. to do sth.
allow doing sth
be allowed to do sth (被動語態)
know about 知道,了解
in the world 在世界上
class teacher 班主任
the first prize 一等獎
the first place 第一名
on one's way to sp. 在某人……的路上
take part in 參加
in the street 在街上
turn back 回轉身來
hurry to sp. 慌忙去某地
friendship store 友誼商店
science fiction film 科幻電影
go to the movies 去看電影
laugh at 嘲笑
stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事
in the end 最後
keep doing sth. 保持做某事
talk about sth. 談論某事
how do you like=what do you think of 你認為如何
what about ……怎麼樣
I think so, too 我也這么認為
begin doing sth. 開始做某事
talk with sb. 與某人談論
say to sb. 與某人說話
just now 剛才
with a smile 面帶微笑
both……and…… 兩者都
at the end of 最後
buy sth. for sb.=buy sb.sth. 買……給……
make great progress 取得進步
manage to do sth. 盡力做某事
ring the summer holidays 暑假期間
get angry 生氣
what is wrong with you=what is the matter 你怎麼了
stay at home 呆在家裡
by the way 順便問一下
between……and…… 在……和……之間
there goes the bell 鈴響了
be born 出生
be interested in 對……感興趣
of one's own 屬於某人自己的
have to 不得不
test tube 試管
electric light 電燈
last year 去年
each other/one another 互相(兩者之間)/互相(兩者以上)
not only……but also…… 不但……而且……
be good at 擅長於
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
pick up 拾起
to one's great joy 讓某人大為高興的是
cross talk 相聲
pop song 流行歌曲
Young Pioneer 少先隊員
look up 向上看
stand up 站起來
over and over 再三
to one's surprise 使某人驚奇的是
just a minute 等一下
make a mistake 犯錯誤
belong to 屬於某人自己的
go boating 去劃船
ask for leave 請假
have a bad cold 患重感冒
kind of 稍微有點
football game 足球賽
used to 過去常常
go to town 進城
on foot 步行
ought to 應該
the Nile 尼羅河
the Amazon 亞馬遜河
the Yangtze River 長江(揚子江)
as…as 同……一樣
not as…as,not so…as 不如……那樣
the Atlantic 大西洋
keep up-to-date 趕時髦
the underground 地鐵
underground railway 地鐵
had better 還是……好,最好還是……
do shopping 購物
quite a few 好幾個
make friends(with) (與……)交朋友
Chinese painting (中國)國畫
shop assistant 營業員
give up 放棄
do one's best 盡力
at the South Pole 在南極
set up 建立;設立
collect information(about) 收集(有關……的)情報
with one voice 異口同聲
the day after tomorrow 後天
according to 按照
fall off 跌落
look out of 從……朝外看
go up to 走上前去
concert hall 音樂廳
lantern show 燈盞
take place 發生
take the place of 代替
joint venture 合資企業
under way 在籌建中
final exam 期終考試
go to do sth. 去做某事
in the afternoon 在下午
be happy to do sth. 做……開心
around the house 在房子周圍
as we all know 眾所周知
South America 南美洲
help sb./sth. to do sth. 幫助某人/某物做某事
in a hurry 匆匆忙忙
above the ground 在地面上
had better do sth. 最好做某事
make progress 取得進步
look worried 看上去很擔憂
I see 我明白
show sth. to sb. 把某物展示給某人看
make a fire 生火
keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡
on top of 在……頂部
a lot 許多
anything else 還有什麼嗎
go to the checkout 去結賬
make mistakes 犯錯誤
this time 這次
come back 回來
plan to do sth. 計劃作某事
two hours later 兩小時以後
feel sorry 感到抱歉
here it is 在這里
next time 下一次
make friends with sb. 與某人交朋友
after work 工作之餘
give up smoking 戒煙
manage to do sth.=try to do sth. 盡力做某事
do one's best=try one's best 盡力某人最大力做某事
show sb.round(around) sp. 帶領某人參觀某地
take sb. to sp. 帶領某人去某地
tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關於某事
at the South Pole 在南極洲
at the station 在工作站
a bit 有點
on Sunday morning 在星期天的早上
go downstairs 下樓
go up to 走到……的前面
It's a pleasure 這是我的榮幸
move to sp. 搬到……
have taken place 代替
knock at the door 敲門
again and again=over and over 再三
ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
⑹ 高中英語作文常用詞彙
1.經濟的快速發展 with the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的顯著提高/ 穩 步增長 with the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people』s living standard 3.先進的科學技術 advanced science and technology 4.面臨新的機遇和挑戰 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人們普遍認為 It is commonly believed/ recognized that 6.社會發展的必然結果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了廣泛的公眾關注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否認 It is undeniable that/ There is no denying that 9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 arouse /lead to /cause a heated discussion/debate 10. 有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的觀點there is/I have a totally different argument 12.一些人 而另外一些人Some people while others 13. 就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,/as for me, 15.有充分的理由支持 the view/opinion be supported by sound reasons 17.發揮著日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role/part in 18.對必不可少 be indispensable /necessary to 21.對產生有利/不利的影響 exert /have positive/ negative effects on 22.利遠遠大於弊 The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23.導致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 25.責任感 / 成就感 we must have sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 27. 開闊眼界 widen one』s horizon/ broaden one』s vision 28.學習知識和技能 acquire enough knowledge and skills 31. 從另一個角度 from another perspective, 32.做出共同努力 make/need joint efforts 33. 對有益 be beneficial /concive/good to 34.為社會做貢獻 make contributions to the society 35.打下堅實的基礎 lay a solid foundation for 37.無可非議 it is blameless /beyond reproach that 39.致力於/ 投身於 be committed / devoted to 41.不可推卸的義務 ..be unshakable ty 42. 滿足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of 44.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources 45.網際網路 the Internet (一定 要由冠詞,字母I 大寫) 46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.環保的 environmental protection / environmentally , 49.社會進步的體現 a symbol of society progress 51.對這一問題持有不同態度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 證據 have/ provide the following reasons/evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理論和實踐相結合 integrate theory with practice 56. 必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of
⑺ 英語作文常用詞彙
1.完全:absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire
2.好:extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent, good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising, agreeable
3.小:small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute, tiny
4.多:big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge, immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of, an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great quantity of
5.高興,快樂:delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant, cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly, content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful
6.真的:True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch, genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.
7.全,都:all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of , unbroken , gross
常見的連接詞
連接詞根據其本身的意思和文章連接所需要的邏輯意義可分為幾類:
a.表示開場to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking
b.表示總結to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally
c.表示舉例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,
d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now that
e.表示結果as a result , as a consequence , consequently
f.表示比較both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way
g.表示對照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , however
h.表示列舉first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with
i.表示強調especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actually
j.表示讓步even though , although , in spite of , however , but ,yet
寫作的啟、承、轉、合常用詞語小結
1.有關「啟」的常用詞語(用來引導主題句或跟在主題句的後面,引導第一個擴展句)
at first 首先
at present 現在;當今
currently 現在;最近
first 首先;第一
first of all 首先
firstly 首先
2.有關「承」的常用詞語(用來承接主題句或第一個擴展句)
to start with 首先;第一
after 此後
after a few days 幾天之後
after a while 過了一會兒
also 並且
at any rate 無論如何
at the same time 同時(用在「轉」時,作「可是」解)
besides(this) 此外
3.有關「轉」的常用詞語(用來表示不同或相反的語氣)
after all 畢竟
all the same 雖然;但是
anyway 無論如何
at the same time 可是(表輕微轉折)
but 但是
conversely 相反地
despite 盡管,雖然
4.有關「合」的常用詞語(用來引導結尾句或最後一個擴展句,表示段落的結束)
above all 最重要
accordingly 於是
as a consequence 因此
as a result 結果
as has been noted 如前所述及
⑻ 英語作文中常用的高級詞彙,片語
常用翻譯核心句型
the more ~ the more~
A good teacher is the one from whom the more we need academically, the more she can supply.
一個好的老師是這樣一個人,我們對她越有學業方面的需求,她能提供的越多。
It is ~ that ~
It is not just books that can't be judged by their covers,and so it is with presents.
不能根據外表判斷的不僅是人,禮物也一樣。
too ~ to ~
Our boss is too narrow-minded to enre different opinions.
我們老闆心胸狹窄,無法容忍不同看法。
not ~enough to do ~
She is not old enough to make sense of the real meaning of the proverb— Time and tide wait for no man.
她太小,無法理解歲月不等人這句諺語的真正含義。
not ~ but ~
A masterpiece is not something that can conform into an expectation but something that has to be an expression from the heart.
傑作不是為了迎合某種預期的東西,而是內心真情的表露。
rather than
Ducks can swim by instinct rather than intelligence.
鴨會游泳,不是靠聰明,而是靠本能。
Not until~
Not until the director persuaded him did he agree to play a role of the doctor.
直到導演說服了他,他才同意演那個醫生的角色。
unless ~
You will have difficulty in understanding the problem unless it is explained and analyzed from the historical perspective.
除非這問題是從歷史的觀點來分析和解釋,否則你理解會有困難。
It has never occurred to/struck me that~
It has never occurred to me that a person who has experienced ups and downs of life should believe such a ridiculous trick.
我從未想到一個經歷人生起伏的人竟相信這荒唐的詭計。
the moment ~/ the instant ~
The contract will come into effect the instant it is signed.
這項合同一經簽署即開始生效。
It won』t be long before ~
It won』t be long before you know that having a good attitude is half the battle.
不久後你就會明白,擁有好的態度就是成功的一半。
once ~
Once promised, he will surely be given a remote-controlled car as a birthday present.
一旦得到承諾,他一定會得到一兩遙控汽車作為生日禮物。
only when ~
Only when the test-oriented ecation is switched into the quality-oriented ecation are the chances that the students will develop their versatile abilities.
只有應試教育轉變成了素質教育,學生們才有可能發展多方面的能力。
so ~ as to do ~
Will you be so kind as to pull me through the difficult time?
你這樣善良, 能幫我渡過難關嗎?
so ~ that ~
The book is so instructive that it has become a must-read.
So instructive is the book that it has become a must-read.
這書很有教育意義,已成為學生的必讀之書。
~ as ~
Lose money as he did, he got a lot of experience, which contributed to his success in life.
雖然他失去了錢,但他得到了許多經驗,這促成了他人生的成功。
It must be pointed out that~
It must be pointed out that difficulties can bring out a person』s best qualities.
必須指出,困難能顯示一個人的最佳素質。(bring out a person』s best qualities)
be just about to do ~ when~/ be close to doing ~ when~/ be on the point of doing ~ when~
I was on the point of buying that piano when my wife reminded me that this amount of money was for my son』s tuition.
I was close to buying that piano when my wife reminded me that this sum of money was for my son』s tuition.
I was just about to buy that piano when my wife reminded me that this sum of money was for my son』s tuition.
我剛要買那架鋼琴時,突然我太太提醒我這筆錢是付我兒子學費的。
not so much ~ as ~
It is not so much with their wishes as with their actions that they can shape the future.
他們打造未來與其用希望還不如用行動。
prefer to do~ rather than do~
To face whatever you might prefer to hide rather than acknowledge requires courage
要面對你寧可隱藏也不承認的任何事需要勇氣。
more ~ than ~
Being obliged to leave the stage e to his illness, he has an emotion, which is more of regret than attachment.
因病得離開舞台時,他有著一種情感, 這種情感與其說是留戀,還不如說是遺憾。
There is no doing ~
There is no denying that bad things do happen to us sometimes.
不可否認的是,有時候不好的事情確實發生在我們身上。
It can』t be denied that~
It can』t be denied that he has a gift for music however lazy he is.
無法否認的是他對音樂有天賦,不管他是多麼的慵懶。
There is no doubt that~
There is no doubt that he will win the election by a large majority
毫無疑問他會以多數票贏得競選。
so long as ~/as long as~
However inharmonious they look in other people』s eye, they can enjoy life so long as they love each other.
在別人眼裡無論他們看起來是多麼的不和諧,只要他們彼此相愛,就能享受生活。
It is no wonder that ~
It is no wonder that children love to visit museums.
孩子們喜歡參觀博物館是不足為怪的。
It is +adj. +of sb. to do~
It is mean of you to tip so little.
你真吝嗇,給這么少小費。
It is +adj./現在分詞+for sb. to do~
As a doctor, it is necessary for you to pay a regular visit to your patients, assuring them that your attention is still focused on them.
作為醫生,你定期看望病人,讓他們相信你仍然關注著他們是必要的。
There is no use/point (in) doing~ / It』s no good/use doing~
It』s no good helping him since he doesn』t help himself.
There is no use helping him now that he doesn』t help himself.
既然他不爭氣,幫他也沒用。
Not only ~ but also ~
Not only can knowledge help you conquer fear but also it can bring you real power.
知識不僅能幫助你克服恐懼,也能給你帶來真正的力量。
It must be admitted that ~
It must be admitted that online study is another effective way of self-improvement.
必須承認網上學習是另一種自我完善的有效方法。
in spite of the fact that
In spite of the fact that the old man doesn』t know much, he is warm-hearted and friendly.
雖然那老頭懂得不多,但他熱情、友好。
⑼ 英語作文常用單詞,最常用,簡單的,例如美麗的。什麼之類的
您好:
常用的單詞有:the,so,what,how,a,an,some,lots of,a lot of,many any, be動詞,小學所學的所有簡單形容詞等。
如果對你有幫助,請採納!專祝你學習更屬上一層樓,數學輔導團為您解決疑問!
⑽ 英語作文常用詞
一、近義詞彙:.完全:absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire2.好:extraordinary, amazing, miraculous, marvelous, stupendous, excellent, good, well, wonderful, fine, nice, of high quality, pleasing, surprising, agreeable3.小:small, diminutive, puny, little, pocket-sized, petit, minute, tiny4.多:big , enormous, large, gigantic, vast, tremendous, gargantuan, huge, immense, a lot of, lots of, many, much, plenty of, a great deal of, a number of, an amount of, a great many, a good many, many a, scores of, dozens of, a great quantity of5.高興,快樂:delighted, delightful, pleased, pleasing, charmed, pleasant, cheerful, cheering, merry, happy, gratified, glad, gay, agreeable, friendly, content, satisfied, light-hearted, joyful6.真的:True, truthful, veracious, faithful, accurate, loyal, staunch, genuine, honest, real, trustworthy, constant.7.全,都:all, whole, entire, complete, perfect, total, the whole number of , unbroken , gross
二、常見的連接詞連接詞根據其本身的意思和文章連接所需要的邏輯意義可分為幾類:a.表示開場to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speakingb.表示總結to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finallyc.表示舉例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now thate.表示結果as a result , as a consequence , consequentlyf.表示比較both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same wayg.表示對照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , howeverh.表示列舉first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin withi.表示強調especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actuallyj.表示讓步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet
三、寫作的啟、承、轉、合常用詞語小結1.有關「啟」的常用詞語(用來引導主題句或跟在主題句的後面,引導第一個擴展句)at first 首先at present 現在;當今currently 現在;最近first 首先;第一first of all 首先firstly 首先2.有關「承」的常用詞語(用來承接主題句或第一個擴展句)to start with 首先;第一after 此後after a few days 幾天之後after a while 過了一會兒also 並且at any rate 無論如何at the same time 同時(用在「轉」時,作「可是」解)besides(this) 此外3.有關「轉」的常用詞語(用來表示不同或相反的語氣)after all 畢竟all the same 雖然;但是anyway 無論如何at the same time 可是(表輕微轉折)but 但是conversely 相反地despite 盡管,雖然4.有關「合」的常用詞語(用來引導結尾句或最後一個擴展句,表示段落的結束)above all 最重要accordingly 於是as a consequence 因此as a result 結果as has been noted 如前所述及